Figure 14.

Dense ECM and reduced hydraulic conductivity gives increased detachment of clusters. (a, a*) Net cell velocity ${\mathbf{u}}_{\text{c}}$. (b, b*) Dispersive cell velocity ${\mathbf{u}}_{c,\text{dispersion}}$. (c, c*) The fluid–stress component ${\mathbf{u}}_{c,\text{fluid}-\text{stress}}$ contributes mostly in the peritumoral region and is a driving force for the outwardly directed migration but gives rise to upstream migration when ${\alpha }_{\text{c}}$ is sufficiently large, see left and right cluster in c* . (d, d*) The chemotactic component ${\mathbf{u}}_{c,\text{chemotaxis}}$ contributes greatly both at the margin of the primary tumor and at the local clusters.