Figure 5.

Low IF velocity results in non-metastatic behavior. The IF has been reduced with a factor of more than 10 compared to the case in Fig. 2. (i) The tumor itself degenerates because there is no effective upstream cell migration mechanism; (ii) the outgoing tumor cells outside the rim of the tumor are not able to separate and form smaller clusters of cells which makes the cell migration space-demanding and less efficient as a tool for metastasis. (a) Tumor cell migration occurs in a homogenous spreading of a large wave of tumor cells at the rim and a corresponding loss of cells associated with the primary tumor. (b) Proteases essentially follow the tumor cell spreading. (c) Chemokine gradients are formed in the peritumoral region. (d) A low IF pressure $P_{\text{w}}$ is generated which results in a much lower (e) IF flow velocity (i.e., less then 0.1) compared to the base case in Fig. 2e.