Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics and HMGB1 plasma measurements
| Parameter | All patients | Non‐sepsis | Sepsis | P‐value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 218 | 73 | 145 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 133/85 | 48/25 | 85/60 | .378 |
| Age median (range) (y) | 64 (18‐90) | 61 (18‐85) | 65 (20‐90) | .275 |
| APACHE‐II score median (range) | 18 (2‐43) | 13.5 (2‐33) | 19 (4‐43) | <.001 |
| ICU days median (range) | 7 (1‐137) | 6 (1‐45) | 9 (1‐137) | .004 |
| Death during ICU n (%) | 49 (22.5%) | 9 (12.3%) | 40 (27.6%) | .010 |
| Death during follow‐up (total) n (%) | 89 (40.8%) | 22 (30.1%) | 67 (46.2%) | .028 |
| Mechanical ventilation n (%) | 145 (66.5%) | 46 (63%) | 99 (68.3%) | .451 |
| Ventilation time median (range) [h] | 86 (0‐3628) | 31 (0‐3628) | 117 (0‐2966) | .027 |
| Pre‐existing diabetes n (%) | 63 (28.9%) | 22 (30.1%) | 41 (28.3%) | .874 |
| BMI median (range) (m²/kg) | 25.8 (14‐86) | 25.7 (15.9‐40.5) | 28.9 (14‐86.5) | .539 |
| WBC median (range) (×10³/μL) | 13.1 (0.1‐208) | 12.5 (1.8‐29.6) | 14.1 (0.1‐208) | .017 |
| CRP median (range) (mg/dL) | 100.5 (5‐230) | 17 (5‐230) | 164 (5‐230) | <.001 |
| Procalcitonin median (range) (μg/L) | 0.7 (0.03‐207.5) | 0.2 (0.03‐100) | 2.2 (0.1‐207.5) | <.001 |
| Creatinine median (range) (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.1‐15) | 1.0 (0.2‐15) | 1.5 (0.1‐10.7) | .013 |
| GFR Cystatin C median (range) (mL/min) | 34.5 (3‐379) | 59 (5‐379) | 22 (3‐218) | .001 |
| AST median (range) (U/L) | 42 (7‐20 332) | 47 (11‐20 332) | 41 (7‐7832) | .165 |
| ALT median (range) (U/L) | 30 (3‐7867) | 37 (7‐7867) | 25 (3‐5890) | .064 |
| Bilirubin median (range) [mg/dL] | 0.7 (0.1‐20.8) | 0.7 (0.1‐20.8) | 0.7 (0.1‐18.9) | .952 |
| INR median (range) | 1.16 (0.92‐13) | 1.17 (0.95‐6.73) | 1.16 (0.92‐13) | .864 |
| HMGB1 day 1 median (range) (ng/mL) | 10.37 (0.20‐80) | 11.21 (0.20‐76.04) | 10.23 (0.20‐80) | .336 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APACHE, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C‐reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ration; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; WBC, white blood cell.
For quantitative variables, median and range (in parenthesis) are given.*P‐values for the comparison of sepsis and non‐sepsis patients are given (U‐test for quantitative variables or chi‐square test for qualitative parameters).