Table 2.
Recent studies exploiting the health-beneficial phytocompounds from leguminous wild relatives
| Legume wild relatives | Phytocompounds | Nutritional values/alternative medicine | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glycine soja (wild soybean) | Soyasaponins, Soybean agglutinin Bioactive peptides, Lunasin, Genistein Formononetin | Anti-inflammatory; Natural antioxidant agent; Vasodilation; Anticancer activity | [96,97•,98] |
| Medicago sativa and Medicago lupulina | Flavonoids (Formononetin, Biochanin A, Daidzein, Genistein), Polyols, Coumestrol | Hypocholesterolemic effects and can prevent associated diseases; Antimicrobial activity | [99,100] |
| Medicago trunculata | Proanthocyanidins (PAs), | PAs reduce risks of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease; Anticancer activity | [101] |
| Butea monospermea (Flame-of-the-forest and bastard teak) | Genistein (flavonoid) | Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Vasodilation; Antimalarial activity | [97•,102] |
| Trifolium pretense (red clover) and Trifolium medium (zigzag clover) | Formononetin, Daidzein, Genistein, Biochanin A | Nutritional, mineral and bioactive values, antimicrobial activity | [99] |
| Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese liquorice) | Flavonoids (flavanones, chalcones, and isoflavones), Triterpene saponin | Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, antiallergic and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects | [103] |
| Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly pea) | Phenolic metabolites, Hydroalcoholic extracts, Steroids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Lectins, Tocopherols, Phytosterols | Antifungal; Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Anti-hyperlipidemia; Antiasthmatic; Antidiabetic, nootropic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, antipyretic, and analgesic functions; Antioxidant; Decrease laryngeal cancer cell (HEp-2) viability | [98,104,105] |
| Pueraria thunbergiana (Kudzu bean) | Puerarin (isoflavone), Saponin | Effective in the treatment of osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA); Highly beneficial in treating liver damage; Inhibits HIV-1 initial attachment and inhibits HIV-1 replication; Inhibits HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant activity | [106–108] |
| Lupinus albus (Lupine) | Polyphenols (Quercetin, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, p-Coumaric acid); Tannins | Antioxidant activity | [68,109] |