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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2019 Jun 18;151(2):255–272. doi: 10.1111/jnc.14711

Fig. 1. Effect of metabolic inhibition on intracellular ATP levels and swelling-activated glutamate release in rat astrocyte cultures.

Fig. 1

(a) Astrocytic ATP content was quantified using a luciferin/luciferase assay. Cells were exposed to (i) control Basal medium, (ii) glucose-free Basal medium containing 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DDG), (iii) 2.5 mM sodium cyanide (NaCN) in the presence of glucose, (iv) 5 µM rotenone (Roten.) in the presence of glucose, or (v) glucose-free Basal medium with DDG and NaCN (DDG+NaCN). Data are the normalized mean values ±SEM of 3–4 independent experiments in two astrocyte cultures. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, vs. Control. (b) Kinetics of swelling-activated d-[3H]aspartate release in astrocytes exposed to the same metabolic conditions as in (a). Data are the mean values ±SEM of 5–6 experiments per group performed in two astrocyte cultures. ***p<0.001, maximal release values vs. Control; ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001, integral 20-min release values vs. Control. (left inset) Graphical representation of the metabolic processes that were targeted in the presented experiments.