Table 3.
Univariable meta-regression analysis of factors influencing reported seroprevalence to Pfs48/45.
| No. of Studies (No. of Sites) | Coefficient (β) | Lower CI | Upper CI | p-value | Residual I2 | I2 change (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||||
| Children (ref.) | 9 (13) | ||||||
| Adults | 4 (4) | 0.07 | −0.12 | 0.27 | 0.49 | 94.90 | −0.18 |
| Asexual parasite prevalence | 4 (8) | −0.003 | −0.006 | 0.0003 | 0.11 | 91.41 | 3.96 |
| Gametocyte prevalence | 4 (8) | −0.003 | −0.005 | −0.002 | 0.003 | 70.82 | 25.24 |
| Transmission intensity | |||||||
| Hypoendemic (ref.) | 1(1) | ||||||
| Mesoendemic | 5 (6) | −0.47 | −0.89 | −0.06 | 0.11 | 93.91 | 0.87 |
| Hyperendemic | 5 (6) | −0.38 | −0.80 | 0.04 | |||
| Season | |||||||
| Dry (ref.) | 4 (6) | ||||||
| Rainy | 6 (8) | 0.07 | −0.09 | 0.24 | 0.47 | 93.12 | 1.70 |
| Assay | |||||||
| ELISA (ref.) | 5 (9) | ||||||
| Microarray | 1 (1) | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.56 | 0.016 | 91.99 | 2.89 |
| Two-site ELISA | 3 (3) | 0.09 | −0.07 | 0.24 | |||
| Antigen | |||||||
| Gametocyte extract (ref.) | 3 (3) | ||||||
| Recombinant protein | 6 (10) | −0.01 | −0.19 | 0.17 | 0.91 | 94.91 | −0.19 |
| Antigen concentration+ | |||||||
| 0.1 μg/ml (ref.) | 3 (7) | ||||||
| 1 μg/ml | 2 (2) | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.54 | 0.043 | 92.65 | 2.20 |
| Seropositivity cut-off | |||||||
| 2 SD (ref.) | 5 (5) | ||||||
| 3 SD | 4 (8) | −0.26 | −0.39 | −0.12 | 0.003 | 91.38 | 3.54 |
*p-values adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg correction for multiple testing; values in bold p < 0.05.
+
Antigen concentration was only tested for studies using recombinant protein as antigen source.
CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.