Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patient cohorts in this study.
| Criteria | KCCQ <29(n = 41) | KCCQ ≥ 29(n = 415) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65 (59–78) | 67 (58–77) | 0.5890 |
| Female sex | 13 (32) | 126 (30) | 0.8600 |
| SBP, mmHg | 119 (103–131) | 121 (110–135) | 0.2843 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32 (26–40) | 30 (26–35) | 0.1924 |
| NYHA class | <0.0001 | ||
| Class I | 0 (0) | 100 (24) | |
| Class II | 6 (15) | 230 (55) | |
| Class III | 31 (76) | 84 (20) | |
| Class IV | 4 (10) | 1 (0) | |
| AHA stage | <0.0001 | ||
| Stage B | 0 (0) | 35 (8) | |
| Stage C | 31 (76) | 380 (92) | |
| Stage D | 10 (24) | 0 (0) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Previous HF diagnosis | 41 (100) | 415 (100) | >0.9999 |
| HF diagnosis >2 years | 26 (63) | 314 (76) | 0.0927 |
| HF hospitalization in preceding 6 months | 11 (27) | 104 (25) | 0.8507 |
| Hypertension | 34 (83) | 297 (72) | 0.1431 |
| Myocardial infarction | 23 (56) | 174 (42) | 0.0982 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 14 (34) | 196 (47) | 0.1390 |
| TIA/stroke | 6 (15) | 70 (17) | 0.8289 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 0 (0) | 16 (4) | 0.3817 |
| Diabetes | 19 (46) | 167 (40) | 0.5062 |
| COPD | 15 (37) | 121 (29) | 0.3709 |
| Depression | 17 (41) | 102 (25) | 0.0248 |
| Cancer | 10 (24) | 63 (15) | 0.1768 |
| ICD/CRT-D | 19 (46) | 188 (45) | >0.9999 |
| Discharge medication | |||
| ACEi/ARB/sacubitril/valsartan | 35 (85) | 388 (93) | 0.1033 |
| Beta-blocker | 37 (90) | 385 (93) | 0.5318 |
| MRA | 18 (44) | 256 (62) | 0.0302 |
| Digoxin | 2 (5) | 42 (10) | 0.4073 |
| Laboratory | |||
| BNP, pg/mL | 374 (197–966) | 304 (127–732) | 0.4309 |
| Na+, mmol/L | 138 (136–141) | 139 (137–141) | 0.1189 |
| eGFR, mL/m in/1.73 m2 | 51 (38–79) | 63 (45–80) | 0.1324 |
| Hb, g/L | 134 (110–149) | 136 (125–149) | 0.2166 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| EF ≤ 50% | 18 (100) | 166 (85) | 0.1417 |
| EF, % | 32 (27–42) | 34 (28–43) | 0.5513 |
| LVIDD/BSA, mm/m2 | 27 (24–30) | 28 (25–31) | 0.5614 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; AHA, American Heart Association; HF, heart failure; TIA, transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; Na+, sodium; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; EF, ejection fraction; LVIDD, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole; BSA, body surface area. Bold values indicate significance.