TABLE 1.
Estimated parameters (mean ± SEM) of retinal vasodilation after provocation with stimulus conditions FLS and ES+FLS statistically compared for each group and vessel segment.
| Current | Vessel | Mean ± SEM of | p-value for | Cohen’s dz | |
| intensity | segment | retinal vasodilation | paired t-test | ||
| after provocation (%) | |||||
| FLS | ES+FLS | ||||
| 400 μA | sTA (n = 23) | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 0.402 | 0.18 |
| iTA (n = 17) | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 0.152 | 0.36 | |
| sTV (n = 21) | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 0.059 | 0.44 | |
| iTV (n = 20) | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 0.137 | 0.35 | |
| 800 μA | sTA (n = 21) | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.008∗ | 0.64 |
| iTA (n = 22) | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 0.023∗ | 0.52 | |
| sTV (n = 20) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.001∗ | 1.29 | |
| iTV (n = 22) | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 0.004∗ | 0.69 | |
| 1200 μA | sTA (n = 21) | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 0.315 | 0.22 |
| iTA (n = 22) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 0.075 | 0.40 | |
| sTV (n = 22) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 0.214 | 0.27 | |
| iTV (n = 20) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 0.134 | 0.35 | |
sTA/iTA, superior/inferior temporal artery; sTV/iTV, superior/inferior temporal vein; FLS, flicker light stimulation; ES+FLS, electrical and flicker light stimulation; dz, standardized mean difference effect size for repeated measures (within-subjects designs) (Cohen, 1988). ∗p < 0.05. Interpretation of Cohen’s dz: small effect (dz = 0.2); medium effect (dz = 0.5); large effect (dz = 0.8) (Cohen, 1988).