Table 1.

Comparison of participant demographics for those who did and did not develop disability over a 12-year follow-up period

	Total N=5434	Disability free N=3489	Developed disability N=1945	P
Age, years (mean, SD)	64.8 (8.9)	63.1 (8.1)	68.0 (9.4)	<0.001
Gender, female (%)	2833 (52.1)	1751 (50.2)	1082 (55.6)	<0.001
Ethnicity, white (%)	5353 (98.5)	3428 (98.3)	1925 (99.0)	0.036
Marital status, coupled (%)	4029 (74.1)	2729 (78.2)	1300 (66.8)	<0.001
Educational attainment (%)				<0.001
No qualification	1991 (36.6)	1155 (33.1)	836 (43.0)
Education to age 16 years	1037 (19.1)	687 (19.7)	350 (18.0)
Education to age 18 years	1582 (29.1)	1037 (29.7)	545 (29.0)
Degree/further education	824 (15.2)	610 (17.5)	214 (11.0)
Employment status (%)				<0.001
Not working/retired	3189 (58.7)	1795 (51.5)	1394 (71.7)
Working part-time	936 (17.2)	678 (19.4)	258 (13.3)
Working full-time	1309 (24.1)	1016 (29.1)	293 (15.1)
Wealth (%)				<0.001
Lowest wealth quintile	712 (13.1)	375 (10.8)	337 (17.3)
Second quintile	984 (18.1)	579 (16.6)	405 (20.8)
Third quintile	1155 (21.3)	769 (22.0)	386 (19.9)
Fourth quintile	1237 (22.8)	807 (23.1)	430 (22.1)
Highest wealth quintile	1346 (24.8)	959 (27.5)	387 (19.9)
Poor eyesight (%)	445 (8.2)	213 (6.1)	232 (11.9)	<0.001
Alcohol consumption (%)				<0.001
5 or more days a week	1373 (25.3)	918 (26.3)	455 (23.4)
1–4 days a week	2201 (40.5)	1481 (42.5)	720 (37.0)
Once or twice a month	655 (12.1)	424 (12.2)	231 (11.9)
Less than once a month	1205 (22.2)	666 (19.1)	539 (27.7)
Chronic condition (%)	1367 (25.2)	669 (19.2)	698 (35.9)	<0.001
Chronic pain (%)	158 (2.9)	69 (2.0)	89 (4.6)	<0.001
Current smoker (%)	732 (13.5)	456 (13.1)	276 (14.2)	0.25
Depressed (%)	494 (9.1)	252 (7.2)	242 (12.4)	<0.001