Table 2.
Adjusted HRs of disability incidence by physical and social activity
| N=5434; 402 438 person-months | No (cases/censored) | Person-months | Model 1 | P for trend | Model 2 | P for trend |
| Physical | ||||||
| Vigorous activity | ||||||
| Less than once a month | 1163/2855 | 5.5 (5.3–5.8) | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 |
| One to three times a month | 224/709 | 4.4 (3.9–4.9) | 0.83 (0.71– 0.96 ) | 0.82 (0.71– 0.96 ) | ||
| Once a week | 193/656 | 4.2 (3.7–4.7) | 0.82 (0.70– 0.96 ) | 0.82 (0.70– 0.96 ) | ||
| More than once a week | 310/1214 | 3.6 (3.3–4.0) | 0.76 (0.66– 0.87 ) | 0.77 (0.67– 0.88 ) | ||
| Moderate activity | ||||||
| Less than once a month | 202/411 | 6.3 (5.7–7.0) | 1 (Ref) | 0.007 | 1 (Ref) | 0.01 |
| One to three times a month | 141/355 | 5.4 (4.8–6.2) | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | ||
| Once a week | 315/816 | 5.3 (4.8–5.7) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | ||
| More than once a week | 1234/3852 | 4.5 (4.3–4.7) | 0.80 (0.66– 0.96 ) | 0.81 (0.67– 0.97 ) | ||
| Mild activity | ||||||
| Less than once a month | 95/210 | 5.9 (5.1–6.8) | 1 (Ref) | 0.67 | 1 (Ref) | 0.79 |
| One to three times a month | 55/172 | 4.3 (3.4–5.4) | 1.05 (0.73–1.50) | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) | ||
| Once a week | 176/466 | 5.1 (4.6–5.7) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 1.12 (0.86–1.48) | ||
| More than once a week | 1566/4586 | 4.7 (4.5–4.9) | 1.01 (0.79–1.28) | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | ||
| Social | ||||||
| Cultural engagement | ||||||
| Never | 526/1166 | 5.7 (5.4–6.1) | 1 (Ref) | < 0. 001 | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 |
| Less than once a year | 388/1049 | 5.1 (4.7–5.5) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.92 (0.80–1.07) | ||
| Once or twice a year | 474/1501 | 4.4 (4.1–4.8) | 0.81 (0.71– 0.94 ) | 0.84 (0.73– 0.97 ) | ||
| Every few months or more | 504/1718 | 4.2 (3.9–4.5) | 0.79 (0.68– 0.91 ) | 0.80 (0.70– 0.93 ) | ||
| Community group engagement | ||||||
| Never | 823/2113 | 5.2 (4.9–5.5) | 1 (Ref) | 0.27 | 1 (Ref) | 0.47 |
| Less than once a year | 394/1278 | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | 0.87 (0.76– 0.99 ) | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | ||
| Once or twice a year | 210/582 | 4.9 (4.5–5.5) | 0.95 (0.80–1.11) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | ||
| Every few months or more | 464/1461 | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | ||
| Social engagement | ||||||
| Less than once a month | 193/522 | 4.9 (4.4–5.5) | 1 (Ref) | 0.75 | 1 (Ref) | 0.76 |
| Once or twice a month | 280/840 | 4.7 (4.3–5.2) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | ||
| Once or twice a week | 857/2453 | 4.8 (4.6–5.1) | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | 1.02 (0.97–1.21) | ||
| Three or more times a week | 562/1619 | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) |
Model 1 adjusted for sex, age, marital status, ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status and wealth. Model 2 additionally adjusted for eyesight, chronic pain, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption and presence of a chronic condition, including cancer, COPD, arthritis, stroke, diabetes and angina.
Bold values indicate p<0.05.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Ref, reference.