Table 3.
Adjusted HRs of disability incidence by physical and social activity specifically relating to either ADLs or IADLs
| N=5434 | ADLs (n=1369 failures) |
P for trend | IADLs (n=1520 failures) |
P for trend |
| Physical | ||||
| Vigorous activity | ||||
| Less than once a month | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 | 1 (Ref) | <0.001 |
| One to three times a month | 0.84 (0.70– 1.00 ) | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | ||
| Once a week | 0.78 (0.65– 0.94 ) | 0.76 (0.63– 0.91 ) | ||
| More than once a week | 0.73 (0.62– 0.87 ) | 0.74 (0.64– 0.87 ) | ||
| Moderate activity | ||||
| Less than once a month | 1 (Ref) | 0.12 | 1 (Ref) | 0.026 |
| One to three times a month | 0.92 (0.70–1.22) | 0.88 (0.68–1.15) | ||
| Once a week | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | ||
| More than once a week | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 0.81 (0.66– 1.00 ) | ||
| Mild activity | ||||
| Less than once a month | 1 (Ref) | 0.43 | 1 (Ref) | 0.71 |
| One to three times a month | 1.05 (0.69–1.59) | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) | ||
| Once a week | 1.21 (0.86–1.69) | 1.10 (0.80–1.51) | ||
| More than once a week | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) | 0.97 (0.73–1.30) | ||
| Social | ||||
| Cultural engagement | ||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 0. 021 | 1 (Ref) | 0.005 |
| Less than once a year | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | ||
| Once or twice a year | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.78 (0.66– 0.91 ) | ||
| Every few months or more | 0.83 (0.70– 0.99 ) | 0.81 (0.69– 0.95 ) | ||
| Community group engagement | ||||
| Never | 1 (Ref) | 0.79 | 1 (Ref) | 0.019 |
| Less than once a year | 0.82 (0.71– 0.96 ) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | ||
| Once or twice a year | 0.99 (0.82–1.21) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | ||
| Every few months or more | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.86 (0.74– 0.99 ) | ||
| Social engagement | ||||
| Less than once a month | 1 (Ref) | 0.15 | 1 (Ref) | 0.82 |
| Once or twice a month | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 0.87 (0.70–1.07) | ||
| Once or twice a week | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | ||
| Three or more times a week | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) |
Adjusted for sex, age, marital status, ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, wealth, eyesight, chronic pain, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption and presence of a chronic condition, including cancer, COPD, arthritis, stroke, diabetes and angina.
Bold values indicate p<0.05.
ADLs, activities of daily living; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IADLs, instrumental ADLs; Ref, reference.