Table 1.
Baseline demographics.
| HC (n = 51) | PD (baseline) (n = 175) | PDD (n = 30) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline age, years | 65 (8.5) | 65 (10) | 72.5 (6.6) |
| Gender (1 = female) | 0.56 | 0.37 | 0.3 |
| Years of education | 13.3 (3.2) | 13 (4.0) | 11 (4.5) |
| Disease Duration Years | 5.1 (4.9) | 14 (6.8) | |
| Levodopa equivalents | 455 (455) | 881 (549) | |
| UPDRS-III | 1.7 (2.6) | 16 (10)c | 35 (13)f |
| MMSE (0–30 points) | 28.3 (1.5) | 28.5 (1.3) | 22 (5.0)f i |
| Wordlist delayed recall | 2 (1.7) | 3 (2.1) | 6 (3.0)f i |
| (0–10 errors) | |||
| AQT Color Form (sec) | 63 (11) | 71 (29) | 181 (104)f i |
| AQT Color (sec) | 24 (4.5) | 27 (7.0) | 52 (30)f i |
| AQT Form (sec) | 35 (7.5) | 37 (9.3) | 75 (37)f i |
| Letter S fluency | 17.5 (5.9) | 14.7 (5.7)a | 7.9 (4.1)f i |
| Clock Drawing Test (0–5p) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.2 (0.9) | 4.6 (0.6) |
| Pentagon Drawing (0–13p) | 12 (0.9) | 11.3 (1.3)b | 7.5 (4.0)f i |
Mean presented with standard deviations within parenthesis.
To adjust for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni method, all p-values were multiplied by 3. All comparisons were corrected for age, gender, years of education and disease duration.
aSignificant difference (p < 0.05), comparison between HC and PD.
bSignificant difference (p < 0.01), comparison between HC and PD.
cSignificant difference (p < 0.001), comparison between HC and PD.
dSignificant difference (p < 0.05), comparison between HC and PDD.
eSignificant difference (p < 0.01), comparison between HC and PDD.
fSignificant difference (p < 0.001), comparison between HC and PDD.
gSignificant difference (p < 0.05), comparison between PD and PDD.
hSignificant difference (p < 0.01), comparison between PD and PDD.
iSignificant difference (p < 0.001), comparison between PD and PDD.