Table 1.
Parameters of developed PVAc sensors (i.e., NF 0, NF 1, NF 2, and NF 3) based on different membrane structures (i.e., thin-film and nanofibers).
| Sample | NF 0 | NF 1 | NF 2 | NF 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Membrane form | Thin-film | Nanofiber | Nanofiber | Nanofiber |
| Deposition time (s) | 30 | 5 | 15 | 25 |
| Diameter (nm) | — | 631 ± 85 | 612 ± 98 | 698 ± 70 |
| Frequency shift (kHz) | 16.3 | 2.0 | 16.2 | 21.0 |
| Deposited mass (µg) | 20.4 | 2.5 | 20.2 | 26.2 |
| Calculated thickness (nm) | 606 | 74 | 599 | 778 |
The density of PVAc and the surface area of QCM electrode are 1.19 g/cm3 and 0.283 cm2, respectively.