Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Overall Sample and Stratified by the Presence of CMRs and CBVD
| Characteristics | Overall (N=1654) | Reference (n=594) | CMR or CBVD (n=1060) | P Valuea | CMR (n=828) | CBVD (n=232) | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 47.5 (12.3) | 43.4 (14.0) | 53.1 (9.5) | <0.01 | 52.7 (9.3) | 54.2 (10.4) | <0.01 |
| Men, % | 47.5 | 42.5 | 54.4 | <0.01 | 52.0 | 61.3 | <0.01 |
| White, % | 89.8 | 91.2 | 88.0 | 0.03 | 86.9 | 91.5 | 0.02 |
| Education, y | 13.6 (2.8) | 14.0 (3.4) | 13.2 (2.4) | <0.01 | 13.2 (2.4) | 13.2 (2.2) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 (5.8) | 26.1 (6.1) | 29.8 (5.1) | <0.01 | 29.9 (5.1) | 29.5 (4.9) | <0.01 |
| CMR or CBVD, % | |||||||
| Hypertension | 32.9 | 0.0 | 78.4 | 85.7 | 56.4 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 13.9 | 0.0 | 33.0 | 34.0 | 29.8 | ||
| Heart disease | 9.2 | 0.0 | 21.9 | 0.0 | 87.9 | ||
| Stroke | 1.6 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 15.1 | ||
| Smoker, % | 23.7 | 23.5 | 24.1 | 0.78 | 24.0 | 24.3 | 0.96 |
| Alcohol use, drinks/d | 1.1 (5.5) | 1.3 (8.7) | 0.9 (2.0) | 0.15 | 0.9 (2.0) | 0.8 (1.9) | 0.30 |
| Physical health conditions, % | 54.3 | 52.2 | 57.3 | 0.03 | 55.6 | 62.6 | 0.03 |
| Mental health conditions, % | 22.5 | 20.5 | 25.4 | 0.02 | 23.8 | 30.3 | 0.01 |
| AHI, events/h | 2.3 (7.5) | 1.2 (6.4) | 3.8 (7.9) | <0.01 | 3.6 (7.6) | 4.5 (8.8) | <0.01 |
| OSA, % | 10.6 | 6.2 | 16.6 | <0.01 | 15.9 | 18.7 | <0.01 |
| Objective sleep duration, h | 5.9 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.0) | <0.01 | 5.6 (0.9) | 5.7 (1.1) | <0.01 |
| <6 h, % | 44.1 | 33.6 | 54.9 | <0.01 | 57.0 | 48.8 | <0.01 |
| Total deaths, % | 30.9 | 16.2 | 39.2 | <0.01 | 35.1 | 53.9 | <0.01 |
| CBVD cause, % | 12.6 | 5.7 | 16.5 | <0.01 | 12.8 | 29.7 | <0.01 |
| Non‐CBVD cause, % | 18.3 | 10.4 | 22.7 | <0.01 | 22.3 | 24.1 | <0.01 |
| Cancer cause, % | 7.9 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 0.01 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 0.03 |
| Other causes, % | 10.4 | 4.7 | 13.6 | <0.01 | 13.2 | 15.1 | <0.01 |
| Survival time, y | 19.2 (5.2) | 20.5 (3.9) | 18.5 (5.7) | <0.01 | 19.1 (5.4) | 16.7 (6.4) | <0.01 |
| Alive, y | 21.6 (2.3) | 21.5 (2.3) | 21.6 (2.3) | 0.55 | 21.7 (2.3) | 21.4 (2.1) | 0.51 |
| Deceased, y | 14.0 (6.0) | 14.9 (5.6) | 13.8 (6.0) | 0.09 | 14.2 (6.0) | 12.4 (6.0) | 0.01 |
Data are mean (SD) for continuous variables and percentage for binary variables. The reference group was absent of CMR and CBVD. AHI indicates apnea‐hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; CBVD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (ie, heart disease and/or stroke); CMR, cardiometabolic risk factor (ie, hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus); OSA, obstructive sleep apnea (ie, AHI ≥5 events per hour of sleep).
P value comparing reference vs CMR or CBVD (t‐test and χ2 test were used to compare continuous and binary variables, respectively)
P value comparing reference vs CMR vs CBVD (ANOVA or Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test was used to compare continuous and binary variables among the 3 groups, respectively).