Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population
| Variable | Total Sample (n=2497) | Normal Weight (n=711) | Pre‐Obese (n=1092) | Obese (n=508) | Morbidly Obese (n=186) | Overall P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61.1±10.2 | 61.9±11.2 | 60.9±9.9 | 60.7±9.8 | 60.1±8.8 | 0.053 |
| Female sex | 29.4% (734) | 37.0% (263) | 22.7% (248) | 29.5% (150) | 39.2% (73) | <0.001 |
| AF duration, y | 5.0±5.4 | 4.9±5.3 | 5.2±5.8 | 4.5±4.4 | 5.0±5.7 | 0.129 |
| Paroxysmal AF | 57.6% (1438) | 66.8% (475) | 56.1% (613) | 50.8% (258) | 49.5% (92) | <0.001 |
| Persistent AF | 32.8% (820) | 25.9% (184) | 34.9% (381) | 36.2% (184) | 38.2% (71) | |
| Longstanding persistent AF | 3.5% (87) | 1.8% (13) | 3.1% (34) | 6.1% (31) | 4.8% (9) | |
| Left atrial tachycardia | 6.1% (152) | 5.5% (39) | 5.9% (64) | 6.9% (35) | 7.5% (14) | |
| Mean N of proceduresa | 1.2±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.3±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 0.206 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc | 1.6±1.4 | 1.6±1.4 | 1.5±1.3 | 1.7±1.3 | 2.0±1.4 | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 8.0% (199) | 7.0% (50) | 7.6% (83) | 9.4% (48) | 9.7% (18) | 0.346 |
| Hypertension | 45.9% (1146) | 33.5% (238) | 44.3% (484) | 58.1% (295) | 69.1% (129) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9.4% (234) | 4.8% (34) | 7.8% (85) | 12.8% (65) | 26.9% (50) | <0.001 |
| Stroke or TIA | 7.4% (186) | 9.0% (64) | 7.1% (77) | 6.9% (35) | 5.4% (10) | 0.248 |
| Vascular disease | 8.5% (213) | 7.3% (52) | 9.5% (104) | 8.5% (43) | 7.5% (14) | 0.396 |
| Obstructive Sleep apnea | 7.0% (176) | 1.4% (10) | 6.0% (66) | 12.6% (64) | 19.4% (36) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min | 75.1±18.4 | 77.7±18.5 | 75.3±17.9 | 72.1±17.9 | 71.7±20.4 | <0.001 |
| Indexed LA volume, mL/m2 | 48.6±18.6 | 48.1±20.3 | 48.8±18.1 | 48.4±17.4 | 49.9±18.2 | 0.737 |
| LVEF, % | 62±9 | 63±8 | 61±9 | 61±9 | 61±8 | <0.001 |
| LVEF <35% | 2.0% (50) | 1.1% (8) | 1.8% (20) | 3.3% (7) | 2.7% (5) | 0.045 |
| Cryoballoon ablation | 29.4% (733) | 33.9% (241) | 27.6% (301) | 26.8% (136) | 29.6% (55) | 0.015 |
| Use of general anesthesia | 67.8% (1692) | 68.6% (488) | 66.2% (723) | 71.5% (363) | 63.4% (118) | 0.101 |
| Procedure duration, min | 135±57 | 124±49 | 135±59 | 142±58 | 152±64 | <0.001 |
| Fluoroscopy duration, min | 23±13 | 23±12 | 23±13 | 24±13 | 25±14 | <0.001 |
| CFAE ablation | 14.2% (355) | 10.0% (71) | 13.7% (150) | 20.1% (102) | 17.2% (32) | <0.001 |
| Linear LA ablationb | 22.9% (572) | 17.9% (127) | 21.8% (238) | 29.9% (152) | 29.6% (55) | <0.001 |
| CTI ablation | 21.9% (546) | 23.1% (164) | 21.1% (230) | 22.6% (115) | 19.9% (37) | 0.656 |
| Class I or III AADs on discharge | 26.0% (539) | 25.6% (155) | 24.8% (121) | 26.4% (115) | 33.1% (48) | 0.210 |
| Class I AADs on discharge | 7.6% (189) | 9.7% (69) | 7.1% (77) | 5.3% (27) | 8.6% (16) | 0.029 |
| Class III AADs on discharge | 14.0% (350) | 12.1% (86) | 13.2% (144) | 17.3% (88) | 17.2% (32) | 0.030 |
Values are given as mean±SD or number and (%). AAD indicates anti‐arrhythmic drugs; AF, atrial fibrillation; CFAE, complex atrial fractionated electrogram; CHA2DS2‐VASc, cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 years [doubled], diabetes mellitus, stroke [doubled]‐vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category [female]; CTI, cavotricuspid Isthmus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LA, left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TIA, transitory ischemic attack.
a
Mean time to repeat procedure 15±16 months.
b
Roof line in 164 patients, mitral isthmus in 38, roof line and mitral isthmus in 329 patients, and additional linear lesions in 41 patients.