Table 1.
Description of major diabetes prevention studies reporting long-term complications
| Study | Total number of participants | Cohort | Durationa | Post-trial follow-upb | Intervention | HR (95% CI)c | HbA1c at study endd, active vs control (%) (mmol/mol) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DQDPS [7] | 577 | IGT | 6 | Lifestyle | 0.49 (0.33, 0.73) | ||
| DQDPOS [8] | 20 | Lifestyle | 0.57 (0.41, 0.81) | NA | |||
| DPP [13] | 3234 | IGT + IFGe + BMI ≥25 | 2.8 | Lifestyle | 0.42 (0.34, 0.52) | 5.9 vs 6.1 (41 vs 43) | |
| Metformin | 0.69 (0.57, 0.83) | 6.0 vs 6.1 (42 vs 43) | |||||
| DPPOS [14] | 15 | Lifestyle | 0.73 (0.65, 0.83) | 6.2 vs 6.3 (44 vs 45) | |||
| Metformin | 0.82 (0.72, 0.93) | 6.1 vs 6.3 (43 vs 45) | |||||
| FDPS [34] | 522 | IGT + BMI ≥25 | 3.9 | – | Lifestyle | 0.42 (0.3, 0.7) | NA |
| NAVIGATOR [22, 23] | 9306 | IGT + CVD or CVD risk factors | 5 | – | Nateglinide | 1.07 (1.0, 1.15) | 6.1 vs 6.3 (43 vs 45) |
| Valsartan | 0.86 (0.8, 0.92) | NA | |||||
| ACE [26] | 6522 | IGT + CHD | 5 | – | Acarbose | 0.82 (0.71,0.94) | 5.88 vs 5.94 (41 vs 41) |
| ACT NOW [30] | 602 | IGT + IFG + BMI ≥25 | 2.3 | – | Pioglitazone | 0.28 (0.16, 0.49) | 5.50 vs 5.70 (37 vs 39) |
| STOP-NIDDM [24] | 1429 | IGT + IFG + BMI ≥25 | 3.3 | – | Acarbose | 0.75 (0.63, 0.90) | NA |
| ORIGIN [32] | 1456 | CVD + IGT or IFG | 6.2 | – | Glargine | 0.72 (0.58, 0.90) | 6.3 vs 6.5 (45 vs 48) |
| DREAM [27, 28] | 5269 | IGT and or IFG | 3 | – | Rosiglitazone | 0.38 (0.33, 0.44) | NA |
| Ramipril | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) |
Duration of original controlled clinical trial in years
Total follow-up from randomisation in years
HR of active intervention vs control for annual incidence (all studies except ORIGIN, which reports OR) for diabetes development. All studies represent reduction in annual incidence (95% CI) except DREAM and NAVIGATOR, which analysed differences in prevalence at study end. All reductions in diabetes incidence significant (p<0.05) compared with control group except for nateglinide in NAVIGATOR study and ramipril in DREAM
HbA1c levels between active and control groups at study end, except in DPPOS where HbA1c is the mean over the entire 15 years of follow-up, in ACE where the HbA1c difference is at 1 year and in ORIGIN where HbA1c is at 6 years
IFG in DPP was a fasting plasma glucose of 5.3–6.9 mmol/l (95–125 mg/dl)
NA, not available; CHD, coronary heart disease