Table 3.

Mean muscle strength outcomes in men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), PCa controls and healthy controls, and the mean differences between the three groups

	Unadjusted mean ± standard derivation				Unadjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval)
	Men treated with ADT	PCa controls	Healthy controls	P value	Men treated with ADT vs. PCa controls	Men treated with ADT vs. healthy controls	PCa controls vs. healthy controls
Muscle strength
Handgrip (kg)	37.9 ± 6.5	41.7 ± 6.7	43.3 ± 8.0	<0.001	−3.8 (−7.0, −0.5) *	−5.4 (−8.4, −2.4) ***	−1.6 (−4.8, 1.6)
Handgrip/weight (kg/kg)	0.44 ± 0.11	0.52 ± 0.10	0.51 ± 0.09	<0.001	−0.08 (−0.12, −0.03) ***	−0.07 (−0.12, −0.03) ***	0.002 (−0.04, 0.47)
Chest (kg)	38.2 ± 10.3	40.2 ± 6.6	42.6 ± 11.2	0.073	−2.1 (−7.1, 3.0)	−4.4 (−9.0, 0.2)	−2.4 (−7.4, 2.7)
Chest/weight (kg/kg)	0.44 ± 0.11	0.51 ± 0.11	0.51 ± 0.12	0.002	−0.07 (−0.13, −0.01) **	−0.07 (−0.12, −0.01) **	0.004 (−0.06, 0.06)
Leg (kg)	139.7 ± 46.9	143.4 ± 42.0	160.2 ± 49.5	0.049	−3.8 (−26.8, 19.3)	−20.6 (−41.5, 0.4)	−16.8 (−40.2, 6.6)
Leg/weight (kg/kg)	1.61 ± 0.49	1.80 ± 0.48	1.88 ± 0.51	0.010	−0.19 (−0.44, 0.05)	−0.28 (−0.50, −0.05) *	−0.08 (−0.33, 0.17)
Back (kg)	48.7 ± 11.3	52.1 ± 9.5	56.2 ± 11.2	0.002	−3.4 (−8.9, 2.1)	−7.5 (−12.5, −2.5) **	−4.1 (−9.6, 1.4)
Back/weight (kg/kg)	0.56 ± 0.12	0.65 ± 0.10	0.66 ± 0.10	<0.001	−0.10 (−0.15, −0.04) ***	−0.11 (−0.16, −0.06) ***	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.04)

Data are unadjusted mean ± standard deviation and unadjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval). 3‐RM, three‐repetition maximum. Bold = statistical significance.

^* P < 0.05.

^** P < 0.01.

^*** P < 0.001.