Fig. 17.

Differential trajectories of CSF biomarkers in Aβ+ and Aβ− subjects across disease progression. The means (±2 standard error of the mean) in ng/mL of (A) CSFAβ₄₂; (B) CSF p-tau; (C) CSF p-tau₁₈₁ are shown. In Aβ− groups, the levels of all three CSF biomarkers did not significantly increase across disease stage, whereas in Aβ+ subjects, CSF p-tau and t-tau, but not Aβ, increased across disease stages. Abbreviations: a-MCI, (advanced) mild cognitive impairment; Aβ+, subjects with abnormal brain Aβ; Aβ−, subjects without abnormal brain Aβ; CN, cognitively normal; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; i-Dem, (incipient) dementia; iMCI, (incipient) mild cognitive impairment; m-Dem, (mild) dementia. Reproduced with permission from [261].