Longitudinal changes in cognition in subtypes of Aβ+ cognitively normal subjects. Identified subtypes of cognitively normal subjects consisted of those with predominantly hippocampal atrophy, predominantly cortical atrophy, hippocampal and cortical atrophy combined, or neither type of atrophy. Baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up data on (A) MMSE indicating global cognition, (B) ADNI-Mem indicating memory function, and (C) ADNI-EF indicating executive function are plotted, with means and standard errors. Abbreviations: ADNI, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; BI, both impaired; BS, both spared; CA, cortical atrophy only; EF, executive function; HA, hippocampal atrophy only; Mem, memory domain; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination. Reproduced with permission from [272].