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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2019 Oct 23;574(7779):543–548. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1644-y

Extended Data Figure 10. Downregulation of the metabolites in GF mice.

Extended Data Figure 10.

a, ELISA quantification of plasma corticosterone in Ctrl and ABX mice. Data are pooled from three independent experiments. Ctrl n=12. ABX n = 11. b, ELISA quantification of plasma corticosterone in Ctrl and GF mice. Data are pooled from three independent experiments. Ctrl n = 12. GF n = 11. Data are mean ± SEM. c, Structures of phenyl sulfate, pyrocatechol sulfate, 3-(3-sulfooxyphenyl)propanoic acid and indoxyl sulfate. d, Relative abundances of phenyl sulfate, pyrocatechol sulfate, 3-(3-sulfooxyphenyl)propanoic acid and indoxyl sulfate in fecal samples from Ctrl_fostered, GF and ex-GF_fostered mice as determined by LC-MS. n = 3/group. e, Relative abundances of phenyl sulfate, pyrocatechol sulfate, 3-(3-sulfooxyphenyl)propanoic acid and indoxyl sulfate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Ctrl and GF mice as determined by LC-MS. Data are representative of two independent experiments n = 8/group. Data are mean ± SEM. Unpaired two-sided t tests were used. P values are indicated on the figure. f, A schematic representation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in fear extinction learning. Our data inform a model whereby alterations in the microbiota and their metabolites influence neuronal function and learning-related plasticity, which may be due to altered microglia-mediated synaptic pruning, and subsequently regulate fear extinction behavior.