Table 1. Characteristics of pneumococcal carriage survey participants in Lao PDR, conducted before and two years after PCV13 introduction.
| Characteristics | 5–8 week old infants (n = 999)a |
12–23 month old children (n = 1,010)a |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Survey, n (%) | |||
| Pre-PCV13 | 498 (49.9) | 503 (49.8) | |
| Two years post-PCV13 | 501 (50.2) | 507 (50.2) | |
| Age. median (IQR)b | 6.7 weeks (6.5–7.0) |
16.6 months (15.6–20.0) |
|
| Male sex, n (%) | n = 998 509 (51.0) |
484 (47.9) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | n = 998 | ||
| Lao Loum | 964 (96.6) | 963 (95.4) | |
| Lao Thung | 3 (0.3) | 13 (1.3) | |
| Hmong | 27 (2.7) | 30 (3.0) | |
| Other | 4 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | |
| Rural residence, n (%) | 70 (7.0) | 470 (46.5) | |
| URTIc symptoms, n (%) | 162 (16.2) | 625 (61.9) | |
| Antibiotic use in the previous two weeks, n (%) | n = 997 29 (2.9) |
n = 1,007 405 (40.2) |
|
| Exposure to household cigarette smoke, n (%) | n = 996 366 (36.8) |
n = 1,007 440 (43.7) |
|
| Primary household fuel source, n (%) | n = 1,007 | ||
| wood | 164 (16.4) | 227 (27.5) | |
| charcoal | 510 (51.1) | 482 (47.8) | |
| kerosene | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
| gas | 179 (19.7) | 153 (15.2) | |
| electricity | 145 (15.4) | 95 (9.4) | |
| Two or more children < 5 years in the household, n (%) | n = 998 409 (41.0) |
349 (34.6) | |
| Below poverty lined, n (%) | 109 (10.6) | 70 (6.9) | |
| Delivered by Caesarean section, n (%) | 238 (23.8) | 179 (17.7) | |
| Current breastfeeding, n (%) | n = 998 844 (84.6) |
n = 1,009 201 (19.9) |
|
| PCV13 vaccinatede, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | n = 1,000 448 (44.8) |
|
aIf participant data were missing for an individual variable, results for that variable were excluded and the denominator used was the number of participants with data available.
bIQR = interquartile range
cURTI = upper respiratory tract infection
dDefined as $1.25 USD/day
eReceived 2 or 3 doses of PCV13