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. 2019 Sep 23;129(11):4629–4642. doi: 10.1172/JCI126714

Figure 5. HIV-1 cell-associated RNA from single cells in peripheral blood prior to and during long-term ART.

Figure 5

Neighbor joining trees were constructed from single-genome P6-PR-RT proviral DNA and cell-associated HIV-1 RNA sequences obtained from PBMCs sampled prior to ART initiation (hollow triangles indicate proviral sequences, hollow squares indicate RNA sequences) and after 1.8–11.4 years of viral suppression on ART (solid triangles indicate proviral sequences, solid squares indicate RNA sequences). Squares of the same color indicate sequences that are assumed to be from the expression of single infected cells. The blue arrows indicate high expressing cells (>20 HIV-1 RNA copies), and red arrows indicate sequences matching virus that grew in the viral outgrowth assay. A is rooted on the HIV-1 subtype C consensus sequence, and B and C are rooted on the subtype B consensus sequence. Results from a total of 12 samples (4 samples each from 3 patients) are represented in this figure.