. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Andrologia. 2019 Aug 25;51(10):e13407. doi: 10.1111/and.13407

Table II. Semen parameters.

Categorical data shown as number of subjects (%). Continuous data shown as mean ± SD, (5th-50th-95th percentiles). Means for sperm concentration, total sperm count and total motile sperm count are geometric means. Adjusted P values from the multivariate model reflect adjustment for center, age of the man, BMI, current smoker (yes/no) and abstinence time for the semen sample.

			No				Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Varicocele		Varicocele		Total		P Value		P Value

Number of men	56 (8)		653 (92)		709

Abstinence time (days)	2.9		3.3		3.2 ± 1.3		0.02		--

Semen volume (ml)	3.5 ± 1.6		3.9 ± 1.6		3.9 ± 1.6		0.11		0.29

Sperm concentration	51		60		60		0.15		0.10
(x10⁶/ml)					(12-67-192)

Total sperm count	165		214		210		0.04		0.04
(x10⁶)					(32-240-765)

Motile sperm (%)	49 ± 11		51 ± 11		51 ±11		0.12		0.09
					(29-52-67)

Total motile sperm count	78		107		104		0.03		0.03
(x10⁶)					(14-129-395)

Normal sperm (%)	10 ± 5		11 ± 5		11 ± 5		0.20		0.71

Semen quality (%)
Low		12 (11)		100 (89)		112 (16)
Intermediate		33 (9)		328 (91)		361 (51)
High		11 (5)		225 (95)		236 (33)		0.03