Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| Variable | Intervention group (N = 115) | Control group (N = 123) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean + SD), y | 61 + 12 | 61 + 12 | .88 |
| #/N (%) | #/N (%) | ||
| Males | 88/115 (77) | 96/123 (78) | .88 |
| Race | |||
| White | 88/115 (77) | 93/123 (76) | ⋯ |
| Black or African American | 3/115 (3) | 8/123 (7) | |
| Asian | 1/115 (1) | 5/123 (4) | |
| Unknown or not reported | 23/115 (20) | 17/123 (14) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 10/115 (9) | 17/123 (14) | ⋯ |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 61/115 (53) | 67/123 (54) | |
| Unknown or not reported | 42/115 (37) | 44/123 (36) | |
| Language | |||
| English | 114/115 (53) | 120/123 (98) | .62 |
| Spanish | 1/115 (37) | 3/123 (2) | |
| Procedure at enrollment | |||
| DCCV | 55/115 (48) | 80/123 (65) | .009 |
| RFA | 60/115 (52) | 43/123 (35) | |
| Type of atrial fibrillation | |||
| Paroxysmal | 74/109 (68) | 74/121 (61) | .34 |
| Persistent | 35/109 (32) | 47/121 (39) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hx of stroke/TIA | 11/115 (10) | 10/123 (8) | .82 |
| Hx of congestive heart failure | 22/115 (19) | 26/123 (26) | .75 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Diabetes | 14/115 (12) | 17/123 (14) | .85 |
| Hypertension | 66/115 (57) | 77/123 (63) | .43 |
| Obesity | 38/103 (37) | 47/107 (44) | .33 |
| Hx of smoking (current) | 5/115 (4) | 4/123 (3) | .74 |
| Hx of smoking (past) | 38/115 (33) | 39/123 (32) | .89 |
| Sleep apnea | 27/115 (23) | 27/123 (22) | .88 |
| PR interval > 200 | 17/81 (21) | 25/89 (28) | .29 |
| Medications | |||
| Anticoagulants | 105/115 (87) | 112/123 (91) | 1.0 |
| Beta blockers | 74/115 (64) | 93/123 (76) | .07 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 34/115 (30) | 32/123 (26) | .56 |
| Diuretics | 18/115 (16) | 25/123 (20) | .40 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 22/115 (19) | 21/123 (17) | .74 |
| ACE/ARB | 34/115 (30) | 37/123 (30) | 1.0 |
| Digoxin | 8/115 (7) | 13/123 (11) | .37 |
| LVEF | |||
| Normal | 62/95 (65) | 57/94 (61) | .55 |
| Decreased | 33/95 (35) | 37/94 (39) | |
| LA diameter | |||
| Normal | 26/56 (46) | 27/66 (41) | .59 |
| Enlarged | 30/56 (54) | 39/66 (59) | |
Abbreviations: ACE/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin‐receptor blockers; DCCV, direct current cardioversion; LA, left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Bold P values are statistically significant.