Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N = 1848)
| Study Measures | Mean (SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | |
| Age | 25.5 (5.9) |
| Any postsecondary education | 549 (29.7) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| American Indian | 131 (7.1) |
| Caucasian | 760 (41.1) |
| African American | 444 (24.0) |
| Hispanic | 428 (23.2) |
| Other race/ethnicity | 91 (4.9) |
| Adverse Childhood Experiences | |
| Total ACE score | 3.2 (2.6) |
| 0 ACEs | 288 (15.6%) |
| 1 or 2 ACEs | 557 (30.1%) |
| 3 or 4 ACEs | 453 (24.5%) |
| 5 or more ACEs | 550 (29.8%) |
| Outcomes | |
| Any pregnancy loss | 505 (27.3%) |
| Any preterm birth (> 3 weeks early) | 270 (14.8%) |
| Any low birthweight (< 5.5 pounds) | 220 (12.0%) |
Abbreviation: ACE Adverse childhood experience