Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to the weighted vitamin D genetic risk score (GRScombined) stratified by gender (n = 10655)
| Characteristic | GRScombined | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| Men | |||||
| GRScombined | ≤2.480 | 2.481–3.520 | 3.521–4.640 | ≥4.641 | |
| N | 1072 | 1066 | 995 | 952 | |
| Age, yr | 55.5 (13.2) | 55.5 (13.2) | 55.7 (13.1) | 55.8 (13.0) | 0.547 |
| 25(OH)D, mmol/L | 45.3 (14.1) | 44.0 (13.3) | 42.7 (13.6) | 41.5 (12.7) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.67 (1.43) | 5.72 (1.54) | 5.76 (1.63) | 5.87 (1.81) | 0.005 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 (3.4) | 24.9 (3.4) | 25.0 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.5) | 0.719 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 85.1 (9.9) | 85.2 (9.2) | 85.1 (9.5) | 85.3 (9.5) | 0.714 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.85 (1.93) | 1.85 (1.95) | 1.91 (1.93) | 1.91 (1.60) | 0.345 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.32 (0.32) | 1.33 (0.32) | 1.33 (0.33) | 1.31 (0.31) | 0.566 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 135 (21) | 134 (20) | 135 (21) | 134 (21) | 0.731 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82 (13) | 82 (13) | 82 (13) | 82 (13) | 0.224 |
| Current smoker, % | 44.1 | 44.7 | 45.2 | 46.9 | 0.712 |
| Central obesity, % | 31.8 | 32.6 | 32.1 | 33.2 | 0.579 |
| Raised fasting plasma glucose, % | 36.6 | 38.1 | 39.8 | 42.0 | 0.006 |
| Raised triglycerides, % | 42.1 | 44.4 | 43.9 | 42.9 | 0.796 |
| Reduced high-density lipoprotein, % | 25.3 | 26.0 | 26.3 | 28.4 | 0.105 |
| Raised blood pressure, % | 67.8 | 68.9 | 68.6 | 65.7 | 0.286 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 21.9 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 0.416 |
| Rural/urban residence, % | 49.3/50.7 | 49.2/50.8 | 49.7/50.3 | 48.9/51.1 | 0.936 |
| Low/high econmic status, % | 33.9/66.1 | 34.2/65.8 | 35.7/64.3 | 36.7/63.3 | 0.129 |
| Women | |||||
| GRScombined | ≤2.440 | 2.441–3.480 | 3.481–4.640 | ≥4.641 | |
| N | 1601 | 1189 | 1493 | 1418 | |
| Age, yr | 54.0 (12.8) | 54.4 (12.9) | 54.5 (12.8) | 54.7 (12.3) | 0.120 |
| Premenopausal women, % | 47.7 | 47.4 | 46.1 | 45.3 | 0.161 |
| 25(OH)D, mmol/L | 40.3 (12.5) | 38.5 (11.9) | 38.7 (12.1) | 37.4 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.58 (1.43) | 5.62 (1.43) | 5.61 (1.46) | 5.57 (1.32) | 0.868 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.3 (3.6) | 24.5 (3.5) | 24.4 (3.7) | 24.4 (3.7) | 0.668 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 78.3 (9.8) | 78.9 (9.8) | 78.6 (10.1) | 78.5 (9.6) | 0.592 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.52 (1.05) | 1.59 (1.18) | 1.48 (1.06) | 1.55 (1.07) | 0.985 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.44 (0.31) | 1.45 (0.31) | 1.47 (0.32) | 1.45 (0.32) | 0.238 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131 (22) | 132 (21) | 131 (22) | 132 (22) | 0.258 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77 (13) | 78 (13) | 78 (13) | 78 (13) | 0.424 |
| Current smoker, % | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.487 |
| Central obesity, % | 43.8 | 46.5 | 45.2 | 47.0 | 0.150 |
| Raised fasting plasma glucose, % | 33.4 | 35.4 | 33.8 | 34.1 | 0.892 |
| Raised triglycerides, % | 36.1 | 36.3 | 31.3 | 35.7 | 0.244 |
| Reduced high-density lipoprotein, % | 39.8 | 38.0 | 34.6 | 38.1 | 0.110 |
| Raised blood pressure, % | 56.6 | 58.9 | 56.0 | 57.7 | 0.905 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 30.0 | 32.4 | 29.8 | 31.2 | 0.809 |
| Rural/urban residence, % | 44.9/55.1 | 45.8/54.2 | 47.2/52.8 | 46.9/53.1 | 0.193 |
| Low/high econmic status, % | 32.5/67.5 | 31.7/68.3 | 32.4/67.6 | 32.5/67.5 | 0.910 |
The data are summarized as the mean (SD) for continuous variables or as a numerical proportion for categorical variables. P for trend was calculated by ANOVA and chi-square tests. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; GRS, genetic risk score