Table 1.
Inpatients’ characteristics at surgery departments of the TH and NTH in Madhya Pradesh, India
| All patients | UUTSI | LUTSI | RASI | EASI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TH, | NTH, | TH, | NTH, | TH, | NTH, | TH, | NTH, | TH, | NTH, | |
| N = 6171 | N = 6263 | N = 284 | N = 741 | N = 748 | N = 824 | N = 1394 | N = 748 | N = 482 | N = 763 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age in years | ||||||||||
| 0–17 | 677 (11) a | 377 (6) | 21 (7) | 36 (5) | 45 (6) a | 15 (2) | 139 (10) a | 26 (3) | 72 (15) | 91 (12) |
| 18–39 | 2018 (33) | 2757 (44) a | 159 (56) | 425 (57) | 69 (9) | 119 (14) | 320 (23) | 281 (38) a | 239 (50) | 419 (55) |
| 40–59 | 1773 (29) | 1689 (27) | 78 (27) | 197 (27) | 150 (20) | 148 (18) | 453 (32) | 222 (30) | 108 (22) | 188 (25) |
| ≥ 60 | 1703 (28) a | 1440 (23) | 26 (9) | 83 (11) | 484 (65) | 542 (66) | 482 (35) | 219 (29) | 63 (13) | 65 (8) |
| Male | 4601 (75) a | 4384 (70) | 218 (77) | 546 (74) | 719 (96) | 812 (99) | 1182 (85) a | 532 (71) | 347 (72) | 610 (80) |
| Female | 1570 (25) | 1879 (30) a | 66 (23) | 195 (26) | 29 (4) | 12 (1) | 212 (15) | 216 (29) a | 135 (28) | 153 (20) |
| Patients prescribed AB | 5430 (88) | 5402 (86) | 251 (88) | 624 (84) | 748 (100) | 823 (100) | 1393 (100) a | 628 (84) | 482 (100) a | 719 (94) |
| Total number of AB prescriptions (Np) | 12,213 | 9598 | 563 | 1055 | 1624 | 1453 | 2767 | 1240 | 1435 | 1679 |
| Prescriptions adherent to WHOLEM, Np (percentage of total nr. of prescriptions) | 8039 (66) a | 4019 (42) | 309 (55) a | 346 (33) | 753 (46) a | 346 (24) | 1736 (63) a | 510 (41) | 1054 (73) a | 790 (47) |
| Prescriptions adherent to NLEMI, Np (percentage of total nr. of prescriptions) | 9119 (75) a | 5487 (57) | 342 (61) | 592 (56) | 880 (54) a | 592 (41) | 2025 (73) a | 734 (59) | 1173 (82) a | 984 (59) |
| Average length of hospital stay, days [SD] | 9.9 [10.0] a | 4.6 [3.9] | 9.1 [7.8] a | 3.8 [3.2] | 13.0 [11.3] a | 5.0 [3.2] | 9.8 [7.2] a | 5.1 [4.0] | 11.1 [9.5] a | 6.3 [5.3] |
| Average length of AB treatment, days [SD] | 9.5 [7.6] a | 4.4 [3.2] | 8.6 [6.9] a | 3.6 [2.6] | 11.5 [9.0] a | 4.9 [3.0] | 7.8 [5.3] a | 4.4 [3.4] | 9.0 [7.4] a | 5.5 [4.0] |
| AB prescribed for 1 day | 36 (1) | 221 (7) | 7 (2) | 96 (13) | 6 (1) | 44 (5) | 14 (1) | 41 (5) | 9 (2) | 40 (5) |
| DDD/100 patient days | 72.5 | 110.5 a | 89.5 | 112.3 a | 84.6 | 102.1 a | 78.3 | 116.1 a | 74.9 | 106.0 a |
| Total nr. of AB doses administered | 65,288 | 28,600 | 2759 | 2950 | 9415 | 4733 | 13,890 | 4060 | 6270 | 7980 |
| Total nr. of AB doses prescribed using generic names | 16,322 (25) a | 1716 (6) | 607 (22) a | 118 (4) | 2542 (27) a | 142 (3) | 4584 (33) a | 203 (5) | 1693 (27) a | 399 (5) |
| Total nr. of AB doses administered parenterally | 34,613 (53) | 19,639 (79) a | 1335 (41) | 2245 (76) a | 3672 (39) | 2603 (55) a | 8195 (59) | 3370 (83) a | 4582 (75) | 7339 (92) a |
Percentages were rounded off to integers, and standard deviations were rounded off to one decimal. Percentages are presented in parenthesis and standard deviations in square brackets. Significantly larger values are presented in italics
Abbreviations: AB antibiotic, DDD defined daily dose, EASI emergency abdominal surgery indications, Np total number of antibiotic prescriptions, nr. number, LUTSI lower urinary tract surgery indications, NLEMI National List of Essential Medicines of India, NTH non-teaching hospital, RASI routine abdominal surgery indications, SD standard deviation, TH teaching hospital, UUTSI upper urinary tract surgery indications, WHOLEM WHO List of Essential Medicines
a Significant p-values