Table 3.

Crude and adjusted models for independent variables with ever shisha smoking

	Crude Model		Adjusted Model
	OR CI 95%	P value	OR CI 95%	P value
City		< 0.001		0.048
Khartoum	1.17 (0.85–1.60)		1.10 (0.77–1.57)
Omdurman	Ref		Ref
Bahri	1.83 (1.34–2.49)		1.51 (1.09–2.10)
Gender		< 0.001		0.754
Male	1.75 (1.33–2.30)		1.06 (0.75–1.49)
Female	Ref		Ref
Grade		< 0.001		0.179
1st	0.74 (0.53–1.04)		1.0 (0.68–1.48)
2nd	Ref		Ref
3rd	1.53 (1.13–2.08)		1.33 (0.92–1.91)
Daily allowance	–	< 0.013	–	0.744
Academic performance		< 0.001		< 0.002
Excellent	1.50 (1.05–2.16)		1.23 (0.82–1.84)
Very Good	0.78 (0.58–1.07)		0.72 (0.50–1.02)
Good	Ref		Ref
Fair	0.78 (0.42–1.42)		0.60 (0.31–1.17)
Poor	5.06 (1.97–13.0)		2.90 (1.21–6.94)
Family structure		< 0.016		0.147
Father only	2.23 (1.14–4.37)		1.99 (0.96–4.16)
Mother only	1.5 (1.04–2.17)		1.22 (0.81–1.84)
Father and mother	Ref		Ref
Others	1.43 (0.93–2.22)		1.41 (0.87–2.29)
Parents smoking	–	0.322	–	–
Friends smoking cigarettes		< 0.001		< 0.01
Yes	2.20 (1.58–3.07)		2.76 (1.90–4.01)
No	Ref		Ref
Restriction of selling shisha to minors		< 0.002		< 0.010
I did not try to buy shisha	1.36 (0.99–1.87)		1.43 (1.03–1.99)
Yes	2.49 (1.48–4.20)		2.21 (1.28–3.82)
No	Ref		Ref
Peer pressure to smoke Shisha		< 0.001		< 0.01
Yes	11.46 (6.84–19.32)		13.76 (7.86–24.07)
No	Ref		Ref
Friends smoking shisha		< 0.001		< 0.01
Yes	2.24 (1.58–3.17)		2.39 (1.65–3.45)
No	Ref		Ref