Table 2b.

Summary of selected (most commonly reported) PFCA concentrations reported in rivers in Australia and internationally (ng/L).

Country	PFBA	PFPeA	PFHxA	PFHpA	PFOA	PFNA	PFDA	Reference
Australia	2.6–8.8	3.5–9.7	2.4–11	1.8–6.0	1.1–14	0.1–2.2	0.7–4.2	This study
Australia			0.12–1.1	n.d. - 0.5	0.3–1.4		n.d. - 0.1	Gallen et al. (2014)
Canada		n.d. - 190	n.d. - 120	n.d. - 60	n.d. - 59			D'Agostino and Mabury (2017)
China	6.4–54		8.0–47	n.d. - 3.8	2.0–42	0.8–25	0.2–101	Zhao et al. (2016)
China	n.d. - 5	n.d. - 3.5	0.1–41	n.d. - 4.3	0.3–200	n.d. - 2.9	n.d. - 2.6	Lu et al. (2015)
China	0.2–2.5	0.2–4.6	n.d. - 4.6	n.d. - 6.2	0.2–22	0.2–2.0	0.2–1.4	Pan et al. (2014a)
China	0.4–8.4	n.d. - 2.6	0.1–23	n.d. - 2.6	0.5–18	n.d. - 0.9	n.d - 0.3	Pan et al. (2014b)
China					6.4–2.6			Yao et al. (2014)
China			0.15–1.18		0.31–2.48	0.04–0.56	0.01–0.39	Loi et al. (2013)
China					0.17–36			Ju et al. (2008)
France		0.1–6.4	0.2–7.7	0.1–2.8	0.2–5.9	n.d. - 2.0	n.d. - 1.5	Munoz et al. (2018)
France			n.d. - 188					Bach et al. (2017)
France	n.d. - 4	n.d. - 4	n.d. - 8	n.d. - 7	n.d. - 13			Boiteux et al. (2017)
France	n.d. - 11	n.d. - 35	n.d. - 86	n.d. - 16	n.d. - 36	n.d. - 30	n.d. - 10	Munoz et al. (2015)
Germany	n.d. - 23	n.d. - 9.4	n.d. - 13	n.d. - 24	n.d. - 6.5			Llorca et al. (2012)
Germany	n.d. - 188	n.d. - 27.6	n.d. - 13.8	n.d - 1.31	0.61–17.9			Möller et al. (2010)
Germany		0.7–2.8	1.6–5.0	0.8–2.4	2.6–9.7	0.2–0.9	n.d. -0.7	Ahrens et al. (2009)
India	n.d. - 1.0	n.d. - 3.0	0.4–4.7	0.3–3.3	0.1–1.2	n.d. - 0.2	n.d. - 0.2	Sharma et al. (2016)
Italy	n.d. - 52	n.d. - 41	n.d. - 62	n.d. - 93	3–303	n.d. - 174	n.d. - 99	Castiglioni et al. (2015)
Italy	n.d. - 401	n.d. - 505	n.d. - 346	n.d. - 946	n.d - 6480	n.d. - 70	n.d. -51	Valsecchi et al. (2015)
Italy				n.d. - 18	1–1270	n.d. - 13		Loos et al. (2008)
Japan					n.d. - 92			Takagi et al. (2008)
Japan	n.d. - 1.4	0.5–2.4	0.3–5.0	0.2–2.2	0.6–5.7	0.3–5.0	n.d. 0.2	Ye et al. (2014)
Japan			n.d. - 423	n.d. - 460	n.d - 3703	n.d. - 1120	n.d. - 122	Zushi et al. (2011)
Korea			n.d. - 7.9	n.d. - 3.4	n.d. - 8.3	n.d. - 4.4	n.d. - 4.8	Lam et al. (2014)
Korea			n.d. - 9.0	n.d. - 7.2	n.d. - 42	n.d. - 7.6	n.d. - 7.0	Lam et al. (2016)
Malta			n.d. - 17	n.d. - 11	n.d. - 16	n.d. - 2.5	n.d. - 4.4	Sammut et al. (2017)
Norway	0.5–1.8	n.d. - 2.4	0.2–0.3	0.1–0.2	0.1–0.4	<0.1	<0.1	Kwok et al. (2013)
Singapore	1.0–22	0.5–19	0.4–7.1	1.1–14	2.0–21	1.2–530	1.2–8.6	Chen et al. (2017)
Singapore				n.d - 14.4	5.4–38	0.9–78	0.7–28	Nguyen et al. (2011)
South Africa		5.7–45	n.d. - 20	n.d - 2.5	0.6–4.6	n.d. - 1.8		Groffen et al. (2018)
Spain	5.2–644	0.1–2.8	1.4–18	0.6–20	0.1–52	0.9–20	0.1–213	Campo et al. (2016)
Spain	0.1–111	0.1–2.5	0.6–25	0.6–31	0.1–146	0.8–52	0.1–4.3	Campo et al. (2015)
Spain					4.9–44			Flores et al. (2013)
Spain	n.d. - 125	n.d. - 13	n.d. - 31	n.d. - 27	n.d. - 68	n.d. - 52	n.d. - 213	Llorca et al. (2012)
Sweden	0.5–3.7		0.5–4.2	0.4–1.7	0.2–4.2	0.1–5.8	0.0–4.4	Nguyen et al. (2017)
Switzerland				n.d. - 8.7	3.6. - 11			Huset et al. (2008)
USA	n.d. - 19				n.d. - 6.1			Newsted et al. (2017)
USA	n.d. - 458	n.d. - 45	n.d. -140	n.d. - 90	n.d. - 125	n.d. - 73	n.d. - 42	Nakayama et al. (2010)
USA				1.15–12.7	3.27–15.8	n.d. -3.51	0.25–3.58	Kim and Kannan (2007)
USA					n.d. - 598			Hansen et al. (2002)
Vietnam		n.d. - 5.8	n.d. - 5.6	n.d. - 9.2	n.d. - 18	n.d. - 0.9	n.d. - 1.3	Duong et al. (2015)
Vietnam			n.d. - 4.3	n.d. - 7.8	n.d. - 54	n.d. - 4.8	n.d. - 1.4	Lam et al. (2017)