Figure 3.

Aptamer SQ2-Based Direct ALISA for Quantitative Analysis of PDAC-Derived EVs

(A) Schematic illustration of SQ2 aptamer-based direct ALISA for EV detection. (B) SQ2-based ALISA can detect recombinant ALPPL2 protein with a sensitivity of 1 ng (10 ng/mL). (C) Standard curve showing linearity in the broad range of 10 to 2,500 ng/mL of protein. (D) ALPPL2 estimation in the secretomes and EVs of (D) PANC-1⁺, (E) Capan-1, and (F) MIA PaCa-2 cells using SQ2-based ALISA. ALISA could detect ALPPL2 in EVs with much higher sensitivity than in the secretome. Results are mean ± SD of more than three independent experiments.