Anti-EHV-1 gC antibodies in nasal secretions before and after EHV-1 challenge infection. Three groups of horses (n = 8/group) were challenged intranasally with 1 × 107 PFU of the neuropathogenic EHV-1 Ab4 on day 0 (arrows). EHV-1 gC-specific antibodies were quantified in nasal secretions by fluorescent bead-based multiplex assays. Anti-gC total Ig (A), IgG1 (B), IgG4/7 (C), IgG3/5 (D), and IgA (E) are shown as median fluorescent intensities (MFI). Mean and standard errors are plotted for each group. Significant differences between groups are marked as a (control/Ab4 versus Ab4ΔORF2/Ab4), b (control/Ab4 versus Ab4/Ab4), and c (Ab4ΔORF2/Ab4 versus Ab4/Ab4).