Allen and Nightingale (1997) |
Believability of the victim's testimony |
This child's testimony was believable |
Bornstein, Kaplan, and Perry (2007) |
How truthful the disclosure was |
This child's disclosure is truthful |
Bottoms and Goodman (1994) (wording of items not reported) |
Accuracy regarding the time frame of abuse events |
|
|
Accuracy regarding the number of abuse incidents |
This child's version of events was not accurate |
|
Accuracy regarding description of the setting of abuse |
|
|
Accuracy regarding description of the abuse |
|
|
Truthfulness in answering questions |
This child was truthful in responding to questions |
|
Consistency of testimony |
There was consistency within this child's version of events |
|
Ability to distinguish fact from fantasy |
This child understands the difference between fantasy and reality |
|
Likelihood that the witness fabricated allegations |
It is likely that this child fabricated the allegations |
Bottoms, Nysse-Carris, Harris, and Tyda (2003) |
Whether the victim honestly believed the abuse charge |
This child had a false belief regarding these events |
|
Likelihood that [the child] fabricated the abuse charge |
It is likely that this child fabricated the abuse charge |
Brigham (1998) |
Likelihood that [the victim] is telling the truth |
It is likely that this child is telling the truth |
Davies et al. (2013) (wording of items not reported) |
Dependable witness |
This child's testimony can be depended upon |
|
Reliable witness |
There were inconsistencies in this child's testimony |
|
Trustworthy account |
This child provided a trustworthy account of events |
|
Victim's statement credible |
This child's statement was credible |
|
Victim memory |
This child had a good memory for the events |
|
Victim's statement accurate |
This child was able to provide a competent recount of events |
|
Victim truthful |
This child was truthful |
Davies and Rogers (2009) |
How competent do you think the average child of [victim name]'s age is at giving accurate information about this kind of event? |
The average child of this age is competent at giving accurate information about this kind of event |
|
How much do you believe that [victim name] will be able to give an accurate description of what happened to the police? |
This child will be able to give an accurate description of what happened to the court |
|
To what extent do you believe that [victim name] is telling the truth about this event? |
This child was telling the truth about these events |
|
To what extent would you trust a typical child of [victim name]'s age to be telling the truth? |
I would trust a typical child of this age to be telling the truth |
|
Children of [victim name]'s age do not lie about events of this kind because they do not know enough about sex to make up such stories |
Children of this age do not lie about events of this kind because they do not know enough about sex to make up such stories |
Esnard and Dumas (2013) |
Do you think that [victim name]'s testimony is credible? |
This child's testimony was credible |
Golding, Alexander, and Stewart (1999) |
Belief of the witness [victim] testifying |
I believe the abuse occurred |
McCauley and Parker (2001) (wording of items not reported) |
Credibility |
This child was a credible witness |
|
Honesty |
This child's testimony was provided honestly |
|
Memory |
This child is not a competent witness |
Nunez, Kehn, and Wright (2011) |
[The victim] knows the difference between truth and lie |
This child understands the difference between truth and lie |
|
[The victim] is trusted by adults |
This child is trustworthy |
|
[The victim] can be trusted |
This child can be trusted |
|
S/he's [the victim] reliable and dependable |
This child is reliable |
|
|
This child is dependable |
|
[The victim] is honest |
This child was honest |
O'Donohue, Elliott, Nickerson, and Valentine (1992) |
The child [victim] was telling the truth. |
The child was telling the truth |
O'Donohue and O'Hare (1997) |
[Victim name] is telling the truth |
The child was telling the truth |
O'Donohue, Smith, and Schewe (1998) |
The child [victim] is telling the truth |
The child was telling the truth |
Pozzulo et al. (2010) |
How accurate do you find the alleged victim's testimony? |
This child's testimony was accurate |
|
How believable do you find the alleged victim's testimony? |
This child's testimony was believable |
|
How credible do you find the alleged victim's testimony? |
This child's testimony was credible |
|
How reliable do you find the alleged victim's testimony? |
This child's testimony was reliable |
|
How truthful do you find the alleged victim's testimony? |
This child's testimony was truthful |
Rogers and Davies (2007) (wording of items not reported) |
Typical child accuracy |
A typical child of this age would have an accurate memory for such events |
|
Victim accuracy |
This child's memory for events was accurate |
|
Victim truth |
This child was lying |
Rogers, Josey, and Davies (2007) |
[Victim name] would not be able to lie about this event because a child of her age would be too naïve to know about such sexual details |
This child would not be able to lie about this event because a child of this age is too naïve to know about sexual details |
|
An account of this type of event given by a child of [victim name]'s age will be accurate |
An account of this type of event given by a child of this age will be accurate |
|
A child of [victim name]'s age can competently give an accurate account of this type of event |
A child of this age can competently give an accurate account of this type of event |
Rogers, Lowe, and Boardman (2014) |
[Victim name]'s memory of the incident is likely to be unreliable |
This child's memory of the incident is likely to be unreliable |
|
[Victim name] is telling the truth about what happened |
This child was telling the truth about these events |
Rogers, Wczasek, and Davies (2011) (wording of items not reported) |
Victim truthfulness |
This child was truthful |
|
Victim age truthfulness |
This child cannot be trusted to give a truthful account |
|
Victim age competence |
This child is not old enough to be a competent witness |
|
Victim age lie/naïvety |
This child is capable of lying |
Rubin and Thelen (1996) |
How likely is it that the victim is telling the truth? |
It is likely that the child is telling the truth |
Wiley and Bottoms (2009) |
How credible do you think [victim name] was (in other words, how believable was [victim name])? |
This child was not a credible witness |
|
|
This child was not believable |