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. 2019 Jul 9;73(9):846–853. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211816

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Ozone by median-dichotomised violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation interaction on childhood asthma emergency department (ED) visit risk, 2005–2011, in NYC. X-axis includes lag days 0–6. Y-axis is percentage of excess risk per 10 ppb increase in ozone exposure. Shapes represent four categories cross-stratified by median-dichotomised violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation (low crime/low deprivation; low/high; high/low; high/high).