. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Adv Model Earth Syst. 2018;10(7):1571–1586. doi: 10.1029/2017MS001231
The Authors and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.