Table 1.
Characteristics of the Nonmyopic and Myopic Military Males.
| Nonmyopia (n = 2,412) | Mild myopia (n = 544) | Moderate myopia (n = 563) | High myopia (n = 150) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 29.3 ± 6.0 | 29.6 ± 5.8 | 29.3 ± 5.6 | 29.8 ± 5.6 | .43 |
| Service specialty, n (%) | |||||
| Air forces | 741 (30.72) | 132 (24.26) | 122 (21.67) | 32 (21.33) | <.0001 |
| Army | 1,147 (47.55) | 297 (54.60) | 325 (57.73) | 85 (56.67) | |
| Navy | 524 (21.72) | 115 (21.14) | 116 (20.60) | 33 (22.00) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| Graduate | 63 (2.61) | 17 (3.13) | 14 (2.49) | 6 (4.00) | |
| College/university | 928 (38.47) | 491 (90.26) | 272 (48.31) | 74 (49.33) | |
| Senior high school | 1,421 (58.91) | 36 (6.62) | 277 (49.20) | 70 (46.67) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 25.0 ± 3.1 | 24.7 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 3.1 | 24.9 ± 3.1 | .0114 |
| Waist size (cm) | 83.7 ± 7.9 | 82.9 ± 8.3 | 82.3 ± 7.9 | 83.8 ± 7.6 | .0011 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 952 (39.47) | 188 (34.56) | 195 (34.64) | 41 (27.33) | .0022 |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 1,085 (44.98) | 237 (43.57) | 244 (43.34) | 50 (33.33) | .046 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.1 ± 13.3 | 117.5 ± 12.8 | 116.3 ± 12.2 | 117.7 ± 13.1 | <.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 70.8 ± 10.2 | 70.2 ± 9.8 | 70.2 ± 10.1 | 70.6 ± 10.4 | .51 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 15.2 ± 1.0 | 15.2 ± 1.0 | 15.2 ± 1.0 | 15.1 ± 0.9 | .50 |
| Exercise frequency (wk -1 ) | .43 | ||||
| Never or occasionally | 504 (20.90) | 111 (20.40) | 120 (21.31) | 34 (22.67) | |
| 1–2 times/wk | 882 (36.57) | 206 (37.87) | 230 (40.85) | 60 (40.00) | |
| Over 3–5 times/wk | 1,026 (42.54) | 227 (41.73) | 213 (37.83) | 56 (37.33) | |
| 3000-m running time, sec | 856.29 (70.08) | 864.71(70.00) | 866.12 (69.92) | 876.95 (69.85) | <.0001 |
| 2-min sit-up numbers, n | 49.36 (11.75) | 48.97 (11.60) | 48.24 (11.55) | 47.32 (11.52) | <.0001 |
| 2-min push-up numbers, n | 47.63 (7.84) | 47.92 (7.90) | 46.81 (7.81) | 46.29 (7.81) | <.0001 |
Note. BP = blood pressure. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables as number (percentage).