Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, therapy received, and univariate comparisons between survivors and non-survivors.
| Characteristic | All subjects (n = 112) | Survivors (n = 77) | Non-survivors (n = 35) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months), median (IQR) | 22 (8–72) | 24.5 (10.5–66) | 22.5 (7–78) | 0.12 |
| Male, n (%) | 57 (45.97) | 36 (45) | 21 (47.7) | 0.86 |
| Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 10.4 (5–18.6) | 11.6 (7.6–16) | 11.2 (5.5–18.2) | 0.82 |
| Respiratory disease, n (%) | 71 (63.4) | 53 (68.8) | 18 (51.4) | 0.40 |
| Hemato-oncologic disease, n (%) | 14 (12.5) | 8 (10.4) | 6 (17.1) | 0.38 |
| Neurologic disease, n (%) | 11 (9.8) | 5 (6.5) | 6 (17.1) | 0.18 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 11 (9.8) | 7 (9.0) | 4 (11.4) | 0.7 |
| Gastrointestinal disease, n (%) | 5 (4.5) | 4 (5.2) | 1 (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Vital signs, median (IQR) | ||||
| GCS | 9 (6–14) | 9 (5–14) | 7 (4–13) | 0.64 |
| Temperature, ℃ | 36.2 (32.2–39.8) | 36.6 (31.8–39.1) | 37 (36.6–40.1) | 0.87 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 165 (132–212) | 166 (130–188) | 174 (138–204) | 0.58 |
| CVP, mmHg | 3.3 (3–6.2) | 3.6 (3.2–5.5) | 4.1 (3.3–6.1) | 0.62 |
| MAP, mmHg | 36.4 (34.5–68.6) | 52.4 (38.2–66.1) | 45.5 (40.2–64.2) | 0.53 |
| PRISM-III score, median (IQR) | 9 (5–18) | 10 (6–14) | 10 (8–16) | 0.12 |
| PELOD score, median (IQR) | 14 (8.2–18) | 13 (8.5–17.8) | 14.2 (10–18.6) | 0.31 |
| Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||
| Hematocrit, % | 29.4 (22.2–56.6) | 32.5 (24–52.2) | 36.3 (25.4–47.4) | 0.34 |
| Total leukocyte count, per mm3 | 4.2 (2.3–19.6) | 5.5 (1.8–18.6) | 2.8 (2.2–12.4) | 0.02 |
| Platelet count, per mm3 | 110 (16–365) | 124 (36–285) | 82 (33–302) | 0.13 |
| pH | 7.21 (6.9–7.32) | 7.24 (7.0–7.28) | 7.10 (7.0–7.18) | 0.016 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.32–3.66) | 0.9 (0.42–2.2) | 1.14 (0.66–3.8) | 0.072 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.12 (0.5–4.8) | 0.82 (0.44–3.6) | 1.3 (0.62–3.88) | 0.059 |
| Albumin, mg/dL | 3.2 (1.45–4.2) | 3.8 (1.8–4.4) | 2.6 (1.2–4.2) | 0.011 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 22.2 (13.4–52.4) | 18.2 (13–42) | 25 (14.3–54.6) | 0.021 |
| Duration of hospital stay, days | 17 (8.75–28) | 22 (14–31) | 11 (4.5–17) | <0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | ||||
| Admission | 6.1 (4.6–8.4) | 6.25 (4.75–8.1) | 5.3 (4.5–10.6) | 0.99 |
| 6 h | 2.8 (1.6–4.3) | 2.45 (1.52–4.9) | 4.5 (2.2–6.8) | 0.01 |
| 12 h | 4.2 (3.2–4.8) | 3.2 (2.2–5.3) | 3.88 (3.25–6.52) | 0.055 |
| 24 h | 3.7 (2.2–7.6) | 3.3 (1.3–4) | 4.6 (3.2–7.5) | 0.047 |
| Lactate clearance, %, median (IQR) | ||||
| LC0–6 | 57.85 (47.5–76.8) | 65.6 (49.5–76.8) | 9.39 (−9.09–77.35) | 0.01 |
| LC0–12 | 35.65 (10.1–50) | 32.7 (10.8–47.9) | 16.6 (4.5–51.5) | 0.062 |
| LC0–24 | 46.7 (24.9–71.7) | 53.4 (44.1–73.8) | 3.2 (−3.03–37.6) | 0.005 |
| Therapy during first 24 h | ||||
| VIS at 6 h, median (IQR) | 60 (10–350) | 66.6 (10–300) | 70.2 (10–320.5) | 0.089 |
| VIS at 24 h, median (IQR) | 40 (5–150) | 40.5 (0–220) | 52.6 (0–235.6) | 0.057 |
| Additional fluids, mL/kg, median (IQR) | 60 (40–100) | 55 (40–90) | 66.55 (45.5–98.6) | 0.076 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 36 (32.14) | 36 (46.7) | 19 (54.3) | 0.72 |
| Duration of hospital stay, days | 17 (8.75–28) | 22 (14–31) | 11 (4.5–17) | <0.001 |
CVP: central venous pressure; IQR: interquartile range; LC0–6: lactate clearance at 6 h; LC0–12: lactate clearance at 12 h; LC0–24: lactate clearance at 24 h; MAP: mean arterial pressure; PELOD: pediatric logistic organ dysfunction; PRISM: Pediatric Risk of Mortality; VIS: vasoactive inotropic score.