Table 2.
The thickness of ossified bone of fetuses.
| Bone | The thickness (dm) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 28) | Low-dose of EES (28) | High-dose of EES (n = 30) | Low-dose of WEB (n = 29) | High-dose of WEB (n = 28) | |
| Sternebrae 5 | 0.222 ± 0.040a | 0.181 ± 0.101 | 0.148 ± 0.086 | 0.237 ± 0.040 | 0.185 ± 0.116 |
| Supraoccipital | 2.980 ± 0.225a,b | 3.130 ± 0.061 | 2.181 ± 1.106 | 3.202 ± 0.325 | 2.689 ± 0.559 |
| Forelimb | |||||
| Metacarpal 2 | 0.267 ± 0.043a,b | 0.271 ± 0.034 | 0.205 ± 0.047∗ | 0.304 ± 0.038 | 0.233 ± 0.049 |
| Metacarpal 3 | 0.411 ± 0.050a | 0.407 ± 0.036 | 0.316 ± 0.057∗ | 0.410 ± 0.074 | 0.353 ± 0.077 |
| Metacarpal 4 | 0.364 ± 0.039a,b | 0.366 ± 0.034 | 0.278 ± 0.048∗ | 0.390 ± 0.068 | 0.319 ± 0.058 |
| Metacarpal 5 | 0.144 ± 0.029a,b | 0.151 ± 0.020 | 0.099 ± 0.046 | 0.176 ± 0.032 | 0.110 ± 0.063 |
| Proximal phalanx 2 | 0.105 ± 0.024a | 0.106 ± 0.037 | 0.042 ± 0.046∗ | 0.118 ± 0.040 | 0.074 ± 0.045 |
| Proximal phalanx 3 | 0.151 ± 0.041a,b | 0.143 ± 0.034 | 0.081 ± 0.061∗ | 0.181 ± 0.047 | 0.105 ± 0.061 |
| Proximal phalanx 4 | 0.153 ± 0.039a,b | 0.151 ± 0.035 | 0.084 ± 0.066 | 0.177 ± 0.046 | 0.107 ± 0.065 |
| Proximal phalanx 5 | 0.094 ± 0.030a | 0.096 ± 0.017 | 0.035 ± 0.040∗ | 0.104 ± 0.070 | 0.053 ± 0.053 |
| Lumbar 1 | 0.678 ± 0.062a,b | 0.680 ± 0.034 | 0.646 ± 0.116 | 0.732 ± 0.098 | 0.600 ± 0.090 |
| Lumbar 2 | 0.697 ± 0.056a | 0.704 ± 0.021 | 0.661 ± 0.135 | 0.734 ± 0.105 | 0.629 ± 0.100 |
| Lumbar 3 | 0.693 ± 0.064a | 0.705 ± 0.021 | 0.669 ± 0.141 | 0.734 ± 0.081 | 0.615 ± 0.096 |
| Lumbar 4 | 0.643 ± 0.041a | 0.701 ± 0.029 | 0.631 ± 0.137 | 0.697 ± 0.078 | 0.604 ± 0.117 |
| Lumbar 5 | 0.601 ± 0.055a | 0.647 ± 0.020 | 0.578 ± 0.151 | 0.666 ± 0.077 | 0.541 ± 0.126 |
| Lumbar 6 | 0.563 ± 0.055a | 0.614 ± 0.012 | 0.528 ± 0.152 | 0.642 ± 0.081 | 0.510 ± 0.121 |
| Caudal 1 | 0.377 ± 0.055b | 0.443 ± 0.039 | 0.349 ± 0.129 | 0.525 ± 0.072 | 0.444 ± 0.166 |
| Caudal 2 | 0.341 ± 0.056a,b | 0.409 ± 0.041 | 0.283 ± 0.125 | 0.462 ± 0.078 | 0.402 ± 0.179 |
| Caudal 3 | 0.279 ± 0.075a | 0.350 ± 0.024 | 0.237 ± 0.140 | 0.388 ± 0.065 | 0.360 ± 0.193 |
| Caudal 4 | 0.246 ± 0.064a | 0.293 ± 0.033 | 0.180 ± 0.153 | 0.347 ± 0.065 | 0.320 ± 0.207 |
| Caudal 5 | 0.194 ± 0.087a,b | 0.258 ± 0.041 | 0.132 ± 0.139 | 0.311 ± 0.063 | 0.270 ± 0.168 |
| Caudal 6 | 0.169 ± 0.139a | 0.156 ± 0.073 | 0.026 ± 0.037∗ | 0.268 ± 0.056 | 0.211 ± 0.229 |
| Hindlimb | |||||
| Metatarsal 1 | 0.110 ± 0.042a | 0.090 ± 0.028 | 0.043 ± 0.052∗ | 0.139 ± 0.042 | 0.083 ± 0.050 |
| Metatarsal 2 | 0.442 ± 0.070a,b | 0.422 ± 0.057 | 0.303 ± 0.080∗ | 0.490 ± 0.063 | 0.353 ± 0.097 |
| Metatarsal 3 | 0.522 ± 0.070a,b | 0.504 ± 0.063 | 0.356 ± 0.084∗ | 0.550 ± 0.092 | 0.412 ± 0.106 |
| Metatarsal 4 | 0.564 ± 0.074a.b | 0.533 ± 0.069 | 0.393 ± 0.115∗ | 0.619 ± 0.093 | 0.459 ± 0.104 |
| Metatarsal 5 | 0.388 ± 0.064a,b | 0.385 ± 0.043 | 0.273 ± 0.082∗ | 0.435 ± 0.068 | 0.297 ± 0.089 |
| Proximal phalanx 1 | 0.023 ± 0.035b | 0.008 ± 0.015 | 0.011 ± 0.029 | 0.061 ± 0.039∗ | 0.013 ± 0.021 |
| Proximal phalanx 2 | 0.078 ± 0.033a | 0.080 ± 0.036 | 0.024 ± 0.041∗ | 0.101 ± 0.034 | 0.055 ± 0.045 |
| Proximal phalanx 3 | 0.098 ± 0.042a | 0.096 ± 0.042 | 0.032 ± 0.049∗ | 0.122 ± 0.039 | 0.067 ± 0.053 |
| Proximal phalanx 4 | 0.116 ± 0.038a | 0.110 ± 0.042 | 0.038 ± 0.063∗ | 0.133 ± 0.040 | 0.068 ± 0.056 |
| Proximal phalanx 5 | 0.094 ± 0.050a | 0.092 ± 0.038 | 0.001 ± 0.002∗ | 0.103 ± 0.061 | 0.044 ± 0.054 |
High-dose of EES significantly delayed the ossification of several bones, including metacarpal 2-3, proximal phalanx 2,3,5 of forelimb, caudal 6, metatarsal 1-5, proximal phalanx 2-5 of hindlimb. High-dose of WEB showed relative inhibition of ossification but not statistically significant compared to control group. However, both low-dose groups did not show any alteration.
∗
Significant in relation to control at p < 0.05; n = number of fetuses.