Tamoxifen inhibits HO with different dosages. (A) Representative imageological examination of Achilles tendons by μCT. (B) Quantitation of BV at different groups. (C) H&E staining of Achilles tendons. (D, E) Representative immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of Ocn-positive cells. (F, G) Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of p-Smad2/3 positive cells. (H, I) Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of ERα positive cells. (J) Representative western blot assay and relative quantification of Ocn, p-Smad2/3 and ERα protein levels in Achilles tendons. Scale bars: A, 2mm; C, D, F, H, 50 μm. HO – heterotopic ossification; μCT – microcomputed tomography; BV – bone volume; H&E – hematoxylin and eosin; SOFG – Safranin O and fast green; ER – estrogen receptor; B – bone; BM – bone marrow. n=8 per group. All data are present as means ± standard deviation. * P<0.05.