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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52105-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ncoa5^+/− male mice were infertile. (A) Percentages of fertile WT (n = 30) or Ncoa5^+/− (n = 30) male mice bred with Ncoa5^+/− female mice and percentage of fertile Ncoa5^+/− (n = 10) male bred with WT female mice for 6 months. n = the number of mice. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test, **P < 0.01, N.S.: no significance. (B) Comparison of cauda epididymis sperm concentrations between 4-month-old WT (n = 3) and Ncoa5^+/− male mice (n = 3). n = the number of mice. Values are mean ± SEM, N.S.: no significance. (C) Comparison of percentages of motile sperm of 4-month-old WT (n = 3) and Ncoa5^+/− male mice (n = 3). n = the number of mice. Values are mean ± SEM, **P < 0.01. (D) Comparison of percentages of progressive sperm of 4-month-old WT (n = 3) and Ncoa5^+/− male mice (n = 3). n = the number of mice. Values are mean ± SEM, **P < 0.01. (E) Phase contrast images of sperm collected from 4-month-old WT and Ncoa5^+/− mice. Red arrows indicated the abnormal head of Ncoa5^+/− male sperm. Sybr green stains the head of the sperm, while Mito track stains the mitochondria of the sperm. (F) Percentages of sperm with normal head in WT (n = 3) and Ncoa5^+/− male mice (n = 3). n = the number of mice. Values are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05.