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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52105-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ultrastructure analyses of WT and Ncoa5^+/− sperm. (A–D) Representative SEM analytic images of WT (A) and Ncoa5^+/− epididymal sperm (B–D). Inserts are the higher magnification images of the head and neck region of the sperm. Scale bars: 5 μm (A,B); 1 μm (C,D); inserts: 1 μm. (E–H) Representative TEM analytic images of WT (E) and Ncoa5^+/− epididymal sperm (F–H). Scale bars: 1μm. Cross-section of the cytoplasmic droplet (CD) of a WT spermatozoon (E). 1: Outer membrane of the CD; 2: middle piece of the sperm containing mitochondrial sheath and axoneme; 3: vacuoles within the CD; Cross-sections of Ncoa5^+/− bent sperm head and neck region wrapped around by the tail (F–H). 4: nucleus; 5: middle piece containing mitochondria and axoneme wrapped around the bent head and neck; 6: disrupted mitochondria of the middle piece; 7, 8 and 9: outer membrane of the droplet; 10 and 11: acrosome; 12 and 13: wrapped-around middle piece containing mitochondria and axoneme; 14: large membranous vacuoles.