Table 2.
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics of Behavioral Questionnaires.
| Group | FM (n = 20) | HC (n = 20) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Age | 46.4 ± 12.4 | 42.1 ± 12.5 | 0.28 |
| PCS | 27.6 ± 12.5 | 12 ± 10.9 | <0.001 |
| • Helplessness | 13.3 ± 5.7 | 4.9 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| • Magnification | 5.3 ± 3.8 | 2.6 ± 2.6 | 0.012 |
| • Rumination | 9.3 ± 4.6 | 4.5 ± 4.2 | 0.001 |
| PSP | 56.1 ± 28.7 | 17.6 ± 23.7 | <0.001 |
| STAI | 52.8 ± 20.1 | 26.1 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| • State | 19.5 ± 10.6 | 11.8 ± 7.1 | 0.01 |
| • Trait | 33.3 ± 12.8 | 14.3 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| CES-D | 31 ± 13.7 | 11 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
FM, fibromyalgia; HC, healthy controls; PCS, pain catastrophizing scale; PSP, pain self-perception scale; STAI, state-trait anxiety inventory; CES-D, center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.