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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15516. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51332-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LOFU modulates the expression and cellular distribution of Hsp gene family members in TPSA23 prostate cancer cells. (A) LOFU augments the expression of Hsp RNA. qRT-PCR was performed on cell lysates isolated 4 hours and 24 hours after LOFU treatment (5 W, 100% duty factor) of TPSA23 cells (ANOVA Hspb1 p = 0.003, Hsp70 p = 0.001 Hspa1a p = 0.003, Hspa1b p = 0.001, Hsp90aa1 p = 0.007, Hsph1 p = 0.001.) Figure is representative of 3 independent experiments. (B) LOFU increases cellular HSP protein synthesis. HSP70 ELISA was performed with cell lysates 4 hours, 8 hours and 24 hours after treatment with LOFU (5 W, 100% duty factor). (C) LOFU induces translocation of cytosolic HSP proteins to the cell surface with increasing intensity. Flow cytometry analysis of surface expression of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 was performed 4 hours after LOFU treatment. (ANOVA HSP60 p = 0.005, HSP70 p = 0.009 HSP90 p = 0.008).