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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15516. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51332-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LOFU + RT increases anti-tumor immunity. (A) LOFU + RT induces PSA-specific activated CD8+ T cells. Splenic PSA-MHC class I restricted pentamer + activated (CD62L-) CD8+ T cells increased in wild-type mice 7 days after the end of treatment. (ANOVA p < 0.0001) (B) LOFU + RT enhances tumor-specific T cell mediated death. Increased T cell-mediated toxicity in splenocytes isolated 7 days after the end of treatment in PSA-Tg mice as measured by LDH cytotoxicity assay. (ANOVA p = 0.05) (C) LOFU + RT reduces splenic exhausted CD8+ T cells. Exhausted (TIM3+) activated (CD69-CD62L-) and effector memory (CD62L-CD44+) CD8+ T cells in spleen reduced 7 days after combination treatment. (ANOVA CD44 + CD62L- CD8+ T cells p = 0.05).