Table 3.

Changes in patient-reported outcomes (PRO) scores from mixed model¹ (N = 185)

Measure	Stable Group		Exacerbation Group		Difference in Differences	F-statistic	P-value	f2 Effect Sizec	95% CI
	Baseline Meanb	12 week Meanb	Baseline Meanb	12 week Meanb
PROMIS Short Forms
Anger	51.41	50.24	50.96	49.86	0.07	0.00	0.96	0.000	[−0.001, 0.001]
Anxiety	53.99	51.25	58.11	54.30	−1.06	3.18	< 0.001	0.023	[0.022, 0.024]
Depression	51.84	50.51	54.63	53.16	−0.13	2.38	< 0.05	0.018	[0.017, 0.019]
Fatigue	55.37	54.75	61.63	56.97	−4.04	4.89	< 0.0001	0.036	[0.035, 0.037]
Pain Behavior	53.63	52.12	55.54	53.63	−0.39	0.06	0.80	0.000	[−0.001, 0.001]
Pain Interference	57.29	55.66	59.43	57.26	−0.53	0.15	0.70	0.001	[0.000, 0.002]
Physical Function	36.97	37.29	34.50	35.35	0.54	1.41	0.17	0.011	[0.011, 0.011]
Discretionary Social Activities	45.18	45.93	42.74	45.27	1.79	1.45	0.21	0.011	[0.010, 0.012]
Social Roles	43.26	42.51	39.38	42.27	3.64	4.73	< 0.001	0.035	[0.034, 0.036]
Dyspnea Severity	51.15	50.69	56.70	54.22	−2.01	2.68	0.10	0.017	[0.015, 0.019]
Functional Limitations	50.36	50.33	53.86	52.14	−1.69	1.77	0.18	0.015	[0.013, 0.017]
Global Physical	39.20	39.56	35.98	37.60	1.26	1.86	0.17	0.008	[0.007, 0.009]
Global Mental	43.75	43.07	45.02	44.71	0.37	0.12	0.73	0.001	[0.000, 0.002]
PROMIS CATs
Anger	52.11	50.86	51.46	50.21	0.01	0.00	0.99	0.000	[−0.001, 0.001]
Anxiety	54.99	52.13	59.64	55.42	−1.36	2.75	< 0.01	0.021	[0.021, 0.021]
Depression	51.98	50.32	55.27	53.50	−0.12	1.62	0.17	0.012	[0.011, 0.013]
Fatigue	56.80	54.53	63.24	57.08	−3.89	6.26	< 0.0001	0.047	[0.046, 0.048]
Pain Behavior	53.98	52.43	55.90	54.43	0.08	0.00	0.96	0.000	[−0.001, 0.001]
Pain Interference	57.53	55.51	60.72	58.18	−0.51	0.10	0.76	0.001	[0.000, 0.002]
Physical Function	37.11	37.34	35.26	35.78	0.29	0.98	0.46	0.007	[0.007, 0.007]
Discretionary Social Activities	44.33	45.57	41.99	44.91	1.68	1.19	0.31	0.009	[0.008, 0.010]
Social Roles	42.89	42.61	39.54	42.31	3.05	3.03	0.02	0.024	[0.023, 0.025]
SGRQ
SGRQ Symptoms	57.24	58.30	71.74	58.36	−14.44	24.54	< 0.0001	0.133	[0.129, 0.137]
SGRQ Activities	68.61	67.09	77.35	72.26	−3.57	2.03	0.15	0.011	[0.009, 0.013]
SGRQ Impacts	40.66	40.15	53.25	43.18	−9.56	15.31	< 0.001	0.094	[0.090, 0.098]
SGRQ Total	51.84	51.30	63.66	54.50	−8.62	18.98	< 0.0001	0.118	[0.114, 0.122]
MMRC	41.28	37.85	53.04	48.95	−0.66	0.02	0.89	0.000	[−0.001, 0.001]

^aResults in this table come from a mixed-effects model that included age, number of exacerbations in past year, group (fixed effect; i.e., stable or exacerbation), time (fixed effect; i.e., baseline or 12 weeks) and group-by-time interaction; ^bleast square means; ^cCohen f², ≥0.02 = small, ≥0.15 = medium, ≥0.35 large; CAT Computer adaptive test, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, MMRC Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale