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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15490. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51871-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Average disc deformation of five regions of the disc at each segment level. Normal (left) and shear (right) deformations at the flexed position are computed at the anterior, posterior, left, right, and center regions of the disc. Error bars represent ±95% confidence intervals. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between segment levels and is accompanied by its associated p-value as assessed by Repeated Measures ANOVA.