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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15490. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51871-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mapping of disc morphometry and deformation of the intervertebral discs. (a) Schematic showing definitions of upright reference (L_ref) and instantaneous disc height (black lines), as well as normal (Δy) and shear (Δxz) translations. (b) Schematic showing the process of mapping disc height (top) and deformation (bottom) of the line segments to a 2D elliptical grid of points across the whole disc. Shear strain is not shown for clarity purposes. The color of each line segment corresponds to a particular magnitude of disc height or deformation. (c) Definition of five circular regions of the disc for comparing level-specific disc morphometry and deformation (not shown) characteristics.