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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15547. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52107-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Adenine exposure does not induce myotube atrophy or mitochondrial oxidative stress. To examine if adenine alone results in toxicity of muscle cells, mature myotubes were exposed to increasing concentrations of adenine in culture for 24 hours. (A) Representative images of myotube size (myosin heavy chain area) and (B) quantification of myotube area following control (DMSO) and adenine treatment. (C) Representative images of mitoSOX staining in live myotubes and (B) quantification of mitoSOX intensity following control (DMSO) and adenine treatment. NS = not significant using ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc testing. Error bars represent SD.