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. 2019 Oct 29;9:15489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51735-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spectrum of index tumors in different dose ranges (<5% includes unirradiated controls and irradiated groups): (a) SSA was strongly associated with irradiation (p = 0.0001), and LY developed only in the HDV (90–107%). The index tumors from all n = 84 animals were included; (b) LOH was very frequent in sarcomas but only occurred in a minority of non-sarcoma tumors (p = 0.0015); (c–e) LOH did not depend on the dose region (p = 0.75), prescribed target dose (p = 1.00) or RT treatment technique (p = 0.27), Fisher’s exact tests (α < 0.05). Abbreviations: SSA, soft sarcoma, LY, lymphoma; BSA, bone sarcoma; LOH, loss of heterozygosity (+/C273X); AN/CBCT/NIRV, combined anesthesia only and cone-beam computed tomography only control groups and non-irradiated volume; LDV, low dose volume; Gy, Gray; VMAT, volumetric-modulated arc therapy; AP/PA, anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior irradiation.