Table 3.
Risk factors of incident TB disease in participants receiving first-line ART with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks
| Characteristics | Overall | First-line ART | Second-line ART | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||
| SHR (95%CI) | p-value | SHR (95%CI) | p-value | SHR (95%CI) | p-value | SHR (95%CI) | p-value | SHR (95%CI) | p-value | SHR (95%CI) | p-value | |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 18–29 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 30–39 | 1.09 (0.78–1.54) | 0.58 | 1.00 (0.70–1.41) | 0.99 | 1.15 (0.80–1.64) | 0.44 | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 0.90 | 0.92 (0.27–3.08) | 0.89 | 0.95 (0.27–3.34) | 0.94 |
| 40–49 | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 0.96 | 0.91 (0.62–1.33) | 0.63 | 1.17 (0.80–1.72) | 0.40 | 0.96 (0.65–1.43) | 0.87 | 0.39 (0.10–1.44) | 0.15 | 0.41 (0.08–1.90) | 0.25 |
| > 50 | 0.94 (0.57–1.54) | 0.80 | 0.84 (0.50–1.41) | 0.51 | 1.12 (0.67–1.86) | 0.64 | 0.94 (0.55–1.59) | 0.83 | – | – | – | – |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Male | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 0.03 | 1.33 (1.02–1.74) | 0.03 | 1.44 (1.11–1.87) | 0.006 | 1.35 (1.03–1.77) | 0.02 | 0.96 (0.36–2.57) | 0.94 | 1.14 (0.35–3.69) | 0.81 |
| CD4+ count at respective ART initiation (cells/mm3) | ||||||||||||
| > 350 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 200–349 | 2.74 (1.41–5.33) | 0.003 | 2.18 (1.09–4.36) | 0.02 | 1.76 (0.84–3.68) | 0.12 | 1.80 (0.86–3.76) | 0.11 | 3.98 (0.81–19.51) | 0.08 | 4.22 (0.89–19.94) | 0.07 |
| < 200 | 4.90 (2.58–9.30) | < 0.001 | 3.75 (1.91–7.37) | < 0.001 | 3.04 (1.49–6.18) | 0.002 | 3.03 (1.48–6.17) | 0.002 | 8.80 (2.05–37-71) | 0.003 | 9.95 (2.38–41.60) | 0.002 |
| Residence | ||||||||||||
| Semi-urban or rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Urban | 1.56 (1.15–2.11) | 0.004 | 1.53 (1.13–2.07) | 0.006 | 1.38 (1.01–1.88) | 0.03 | 1.42 (1.04–1.94) | 0.02 | 4.52 (1.03–19.70) | 0.04 | 4.60 (0.96–21.86) | 0.05 |
| ART | ||||||||||||
| First-line | Ref | Ref | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Second-line | 0.34 (0.21–0.56) | < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.28–0.82) | 0.008 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Duration on first-line ART prior to second-line ART initiation | ||||||||||||
| Per-year increase | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.10 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.88 |
SHR sub distribution hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, Ref Reference group. All multivariable analyses included age, sex, CD4+ cell counts and residence. The overall multivariable analysis additionally included type of ART