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. 2019 Oct 25;14:8469–8481. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S219976

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© 2019 Wang et al.

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Sandwich assay. (A) aptamer-HA-antibody. 500 nM of aptamer-GNP was immobilized on the MWCN surfaces, and then 10 fM of HA was tested. A 250 nM antibody was used to make the sandwich. (B) Antibody-HA-aptamer. Approximately 250 nM of antibody-GNP was immobilized on the MWCN surfaces, and 1 pM of HA interacted. 500 nM of aptamer was used to make the sandwich pattern.